Special Considerations in the Management of HIV and Viral Hepatitis Coinfections in Liver Transplantation

McCain, Josiah D.; Chascsa, David M.

doi:10.2147/hmer.s282662

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…13 Serological surveillance of immune markers, HBV-DNA, and liver function tests should be conducted every 6-12 months, in addition to liver fibrosis assessment and hepatocellular carcinoma screening. 2 Our case demonstrates successful LT in a patient with acute HBV infection despite active HIV viremia and can contribute to the limited literature showing that maintaining graft and recipient survival can be easily achieved in coinfected patients. Considering the high efficacy of ART in both HIV and HBV treatments, active HIV viremia should, thus, be reconsidered to not be a contraindication to LT.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…10 Other studies reported encouraging results after LT for coinfected patients for survival, prevention of HBV replication, and avoidance of HBV recurrence with combination prophylaxis with HBIG and ART. 2,11,12 Achieving undetectable HBV-DNA at the time of LT in cirrhotic patients with known HBV is crucial for a favorable prognosis. Common practice for patients with HBV includes long-term parenteral HBIG and NUC starting at the time of LT, with lower risk patients receiving a shorter course of HBIG for 1 to 3 months, followed by NUC monotherapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Complications can arise in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection after LT, including viral coinfections and adverse reactions from immunosuppressant medications and ART. 2 Studies have also shown that HBV viremia in LT patients and one log-10 increase in HBV-DNA levels were associated with an elevated mortality risk; it has become a standard practice for post-LT management to include HBV immunoglobulin (HBIG) and nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUC) to prevent HBV recurrence. 2,3 Our case demonstrates that with proper antiretroviral treatment, patients with concomitantly active HIV and HBV viremia can have successful LTs with good clinical outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Despite ART, patients with HIV-HBV coinfection can have higher HBV reactivation after immunosuppression with increased risk of liver dysfunction. 2 Complications can arise in patients with HIV-HBV coinfection after LT, including viral coinfections and adverse reactions from immunosuppressant medications and ART. 2 Studies have also shown that HBV viremia in LT patients and one log-10 increase in HBV-DNA levels were associated with an elevated mortality risk; it has become a standard practice for post-LT management to include HBV immunoglobulin (HBIG) and nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUC) to prevent HBV recurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis B Reactivation in a Patient With Active HIV Viremia

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis B Reactivation in a Patient With Active HIV Viremia

et al. 2022

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The Hidden Enemy Within: Uncovering the Secrets of HIV Tissues Reservoirs and Current mRNA Vaccine Development

Prakash,

Kumar

2024

CHR

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Abstract:: Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) continue to pose a significant global health threat despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). As a retrovirus, HIV persists as a stable, integrated, and replication-competent provirus within a diverse array of long-lived cells for many years, often termed “latent reservoirs” in individuals. Thus, this review aims to furnish a comprehensive overview of diverse tissue reservoirs where HIV persists, elucidating their pathogenesis and advancement in their strategies for clinical management. Understanding the mechanisms underlying HIV persistence within tissue reservoirs is of significant interest in developing effective ART for suppressing the virus in the blood. In addition, we also discussed the ongoing mRNA HIV vaccine that has shown promising results in clinical trials to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T-cell responses against HIV.

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Molecular Factors and Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Associated with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors

Cheng

2023

IJMS

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Antiviral protease inhibitors are peptidomimetic molecules that block the active catalytic center of viral proteases and, thereby, prevent the cleavage of viral polyprotein precursors into maturation. They continue to be a key class of antiviral drugs that can be used either as boosters for other classes of antivirals or as major components of current regimens in therapies for the treatment of infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, sustained/lifelong treatment with the drugs or drugs combined with other substance(s) often leads to severe hepatic side effects such as lipid abnormalities, insulin resistance, and hepatotoxicity. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not fully known and are under continuous investigation. This review focuses on the general as well as specific molecular mechanisms of the protease inhibitor-induced hepatotoxicity involving transporter proteins, apolipoprotein B, cytochrome P450 isozymes, insulin-receptor substrate 1, Akt/PKB signaling, lipogenic factors, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, pregnane X receptor, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines, off-target proteases, and small GTPase Rab proteins related to ER-Golgi trafficking, organelle stress, and liver injury. Potential pharmaceutical/therapeutic solutions to antiviral drug-induced hepatic side effects are also discussed.

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Special Considerations in the Management of HIV and Viral Hepatitis Coinfections in Liver Transplantation

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis B Reactivation in a Patient With Active HIV Viremia

Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis B Reactivation in a Patient With Active HIV Viremia

The Hidden Enemy Within: Uncovering the Secrets of HIV Tissues Reservoirs and Current mRNA Vaccine Development

Molecular Factors and Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Associated with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 Protease Inhibitors

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