Spearman Correlation Coefficients, Differences between

Myers, Leann; Sirois, Maria J.

doi:10.1002/0471667196.ess5050.pub2

Cited by 203 publications

(99 citation statements)

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“…We also report 95% bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) confidence intervals (CIs) based on 2000 bootstrap samples for main correlation analyses. We compared the magnitude of correlations between Control and SMART groups [35], after converting Spearman’s correlation coefficients to Pearson’s correlation coefficients using the formula described by Myers and Sirois [36]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Brain Network Organization Predicts Response to Cognitive Training in Older Adults

et al. 2016

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Cognitive training interventions are a promising approach to mitigate cognitive deficits common in aging and, ultimately, to improve functioning in older adults. Baseline neural factors, such as properties of brain networks, may predict training outcomes and can be used to improve the effectiveness of interventions. Here, we investigated the relationship between baseline brain network modularity, a measure of the segregation of brain sub-networks, and training-related gains in cognition in older adults. We found that older adults with more segregated brain sub-networks (i.e., more modular networks) at baseline exhibited greater training improvements in the ability to synthesize complex information. Further, the relationship between modularity and training-related gains was more pronounced in sub-networks mediating “associative” functions compared with those involved in sensory-motor processing. These results suggest that assessments of brain networks can be used as a biomarker to guide the implementation of cognitive interventions and improve outcomes across individuals. More broadly, these findings also suggest that properties of brain networks may capture individual differences in learning and neuroplasticity.Trail Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT#00977418

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular Brain Network Organization Predicts Response to Cognitive Training in Older Adults

et al. 2016

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“…The correlation in the adjunct condition for the group with DLI was also significantly larger than for the group with typical language. Following Myers and Sirois (2006), we first calculated Pearson correlation coefficients ( r = −.23 (DLI), r = −.07 (TL)) and then used these to compute a directional test based on the z statistic, a Fisher z transformation ( z = 1.91 (one-tailed), p = .03). In the noun argument condition, there was a significant positive correlation in the group with typical language, and no significant correlation in the group with DLI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of compensatory processing in adults with developmental language impairment: Testing the predictions of the procedural deficit hypothesis

Poll

Miller

Hell

2015

Journal of Communication Disorders

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Background The Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH) proposes that individuals with primary developmental language impairment (DLI) have a deficient procedural memory, compromising their syntactic abilities. Individuals with DLI may compensate for procedural memory deficits by engaging declarative memory for syntactic tasks. Arguments are part of the lexicon whereas adjuncts rely on syntactic processing. As a result, individuals with DLI may have unusual difficulty processing adjuncts. Alternatively, processing for adjuncts may be typical for individuals with DLI but show frequency effects, indicating compensatory use of declarative memory. Aims Our goal was to test the predictions of the PDH by comparing argument and adjunct processing times for adults with and without DLI, and to seek evidence of compensatory use of declarative memory for adjunct processing. We further evaluated group performance on measures of visual procedural and declarative memory. Methods & Procedures Forty-four adults, 21 with DLI, completed a self-paced listening task, a procedural memory task, and a declarative memory task. The self-paced listening task tracked the word-by-word processing time for sentences that included prepositional phrases acting as arguments or adjuncts. We used regression analysis to determine effects of group membership and argument or adjunct status on processing times. Correlation analyses evaluated relationships between argument and adjunct frequency on processing times by group. Results & Outcomes We found no effect of group membership on the processing time for arguments and adjuncts in the self-paced listening task. Argument phrases were processed more easily by both groups. There were frequency effects for adjunct processing for the group with DLI, but not the group with typical language. We did not find the expected frequency effects for argument processing. The group with DLI also performed more poorly in both the procedural and declarative memory tasks. Secondary analyses found that non-verbal intelligence was related to outcomes on the declarative memory but not the procedural memory task. Conclusions & Implications We found mixed evidence on the predictions of the PDH. Adults with DLI may compensate for procedural memory deficits but it is unclear whether this depends on declarative memory or language processing experience. Compensatory processing is an important element of the language profile for adults with DLI.

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“…In order to gain a deeper understanding of how subjective ratings of perceived well-being, exertion, and pain severity are influenced by the skiing intervention, Spearman's correlations were calculated for IG under all three conditions separately. In a second step, differences between corresponding correlation coefficients under different conditions (e.g., rho coefficient between exertion and well-being during skiing days compared with rho coefficient between exertion and well-being during non-skiing days in skiing season) were proved for statistical significance (Myers & Sirois, 2004).…”

Section: Diurnal Variations Of Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study conducted by Pua et al (2013) reveals that fear-induced limitation of activities is also very common in older patients with TKA. Besides these pros and cons of physical activity in the elderly, the American College of Sports Medicine (Nelson et al, 2007) addresses areas of emphasis in promoting physical activity in elderly people. They point out that reducing sedentary behavior should be done using a gradual or stepwise approach by increasing moderate activity (30-60 min/day) and giving less attention to high-impact training.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alpine Skiing With total knee ArthroPlasty (ASWAP): physical activity, knee function, pain, exertion, and well‐being

Würth

Finkenzeller

Pötzelsberger

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study focused on the psychological and quality of life aspects of resuming alpine skiing practice after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in elderly skilled skiers. Two data pools were used in order to analyze psychological states: (a) at the beginning, at the end, and 8 weeks after a 12-week skiing intervention; and (b) concerning diurnal variations of states (i.e., skiing days compared with everyday life during intervention and retention phase). In particular, effects of skiing on amount of physical activity and perceived exertion, perceived pain and knee function, and subjective well-being were analyzed using a control group design. Results reveal that the skiing intervention substantially increases the amount of physical activity by the intervention group (122.30 ± 32.38 min/day), compared with the control group (75.14 ± 21.27 min/day) [F (2, 32) = 8.22, P < 0.01, η(2) = 0.34)]. Additionally, the analyses of psychological states demonstrated that skiing goes along with enhanced well-being and no significant impact on perceived pain, exertion or knee function. In sum, alpine skiing can be recommended for older persons with TKA with respect to well-being, perceived pain and knee function, and perceived exertion.

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Spearman Correlation Coefficients, Differences between

Cited by 203 publications

References 0 publications

Modular Brain Network Organization Predicts Response to Cognitive Training in Older Adults

Modular Brain Network Organization Predicts Response to Cognitive Training in Older Adults

Evidence of compensatory processing in adults with developmental language impairment: Testing the predictions of the procedural deficit hypothesis

Alpine Skiing With total knee ArthroPlasty (ASWAP): physical activity, knee function, pain, exertion, and well‐being

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