Speaking to the Future

Forsyth, Ann

doi:10.1080/01944363.2020.1760002

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This study clarifies how urban density and crowding represent two related but different concepts in pandemic-resilient design and planning theory (Forsyth 2003(Forsyth , 2020Batty 2009) by identifying the specific effects of density and crowding on NYC's 2020 COVID-19 epidemic.…”

Section: How Do Urban Density and Crowding Affect Infection Rates?mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…To consider pandemic resilience in future urban design practice, a deeper understanding of the spatial distribution of social inequalities and their impact on public health is needed. The current pandemic has brought health equity to the forefront of discussions in the design, planning, and science communities (Forsyth 2020;World Bank 2020), and the emerging urban data sets that record public health indicators and COVID-19 cases in a high spatial resolution provide a unique opportunity to understand and tackle this question.…”

Section: Urban Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban design attributes and resilience: COVID-19 evidence from New York City

Yang

Kral³

et al. 2021

Buildings and Cities

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This paper juxtaposes existing public policies and different planning paradigms with evidence from the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City (NYC). Zip code tabulation area (ZCTA) data for NYC are used to address four main questions: (1) How do urban density and crowding affect infection rates? (2) How does the commuting environment relate to pandemic resilience? (3) How does the allocation of points of interest within a city impact the infection rate? (4) How do evident inequalities in a city influence vulnerability during a pandemic? The presented evidence is used to demonstrate that compact, well-mixed, and decentralized cities can increase pandemic resilience due to advantageous features such as short commute times and well-distributed points of interest. At the architectural level, more resilient apartment building typologies need to be developed to mitigate the ramifications of overcrowding. This analysis also reveals significant spatial disparities and how they disproportionally affect the pandemic risk of the vulnerable communities. These findings warrant a broader discussion on how urban design and planning can mitigate inequalities and transform cities into a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable urban environment. PRACTICE RELEVANCEThis paper helps urban designers and planners understand how the built environment is associated with infectious disease dynamics. New evidence from data analysis shows that a pandemic-resilient urban environment for compact and mixed cities consists of many factors: decentralized urban activities, adequate affordable dwellings, resilient building typologies, good proximities between jobs and homes, restricted commute time, diverse commuting mode choices, and balanced allocations of urban services and facilities in line with the residential density. This study can guide short-term responses in the safe recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, as well as long-term urban design and planning decisions for pursuing a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable urban environment in future public health emergencies. As reopening policies and future urban development schemes continue to be debated, it is critical to assess data on the impact of the current pandemic in major cities to inform decision-makers faced with major policy choices.

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Section: How Do Urban Density and Crowding Affect Infection Rates?mentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Urban Inequalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban design attributes and resilience: COVID-19 evidence from New York City

Yang

Kral³

et al. 2021

Buildings and Cities

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Public hesitancy around COVID-19 vaccines, as commonly noted by previous studies, is a significant challenge for public health and regional management in the COVID-19 era and future pandemics (Forsyth 2020; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation 2021; Ziafati Bafarasat 2021). Adjusting for individual-level and state-level variables in addition to temporal effect, this study found that not all measures of social distancing affect individuals’ vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Regional Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: The Moderating Role of Social Distancing and Vaccine Rollout in the U.S.

Park

2022

International Regional Science Review

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This study examines the relationship between statewide contexts and individuals’ COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy by using the Household Pulse Survey, a national and near real-time data timely deployed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Controlling for the individual- and state-level variables in addition to temporal effect, this study finds that racial and ethnic minorities and COVID-19-infected people are more hesitant than their counterparts to receive a vaccine. Individuals who reside in a state where more stringent social distancing measures – particularly mask mandate – are implemented and vaccine rollout conditions are better appear to be less hesitant to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Vulnerable subpopulation groups such as people of color and COVID-19-infected individuals are more hesitant to vaccine uptake even if regional circumstances are equal. These findings suggest that the continuation and extension of vaccine campaigns at the regional as well as individual levels are all important for expediting COVID-19 vaccination and reducing vaccine hesitancy as the world is in the middle of the third year of the pandemic.

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Racial disparities in unemployment benefits among U.S. mortgage borrowers during COVID-19

Park

2023

J Hous and the Built Environ

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This article describes racial and ethnic differences in mortgage payment difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines whether disparities exist in the benefits of the unemployment insurance (UI) program. The sample consisted of 80,797 jobless mortgage borrowers who received or waited for UI benefits between August 2020 and May 2022. Considering individual- and state-level variables in multilevel logistic regressions, we examined rates of mortgage delay in the last month and payment concerns about the next month by racial and ethnic group. Minority borrowers were more likely to have a difficulty in paying mortgage than White borrowers. UI recipients—regardless of race and ethnicity—were less likely to experience mortgage difficulties, but the positive unemployment benefit was reduced disproportionately among Blacks. Blacks were also at a higher risk of mortgage difficulties compounded by other pandemic-induced hardships—loss of household, lack of food, and mental illness—even after the receipt of UI. Findings on the intersection between race and ethnicity and UI suggest that pandemic policy interventions should be race conscious and consider the longstanding and systematic barriers experienced by minority mortgage borrowers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10901-022-10006-w.

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Speaking to the Future

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Urban design attributes and resilience: COVID-19 evidence from New York City

Urban design attributes and resilience: COVID-19 evidence from New York City

Regional Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: The Moderating Role of Social Distancing and Vaccine Rollout in the U.S.

Racial disparities in unemployment benefits among U.S. mortgage borrowers during COVID-19

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