Speaking For, Speaking About, Speaking With, or Speaking Alongside — An Anthropological and Documentary Dilemma

Toward Representational Sovereignty: Rewards and Challenges of Indigenous Media in the A’uwẽ-Xavante Communities of Eténhiritipa-Pimentel Barbosa

“…Films directed to outside audiences-of secondary albeit considerable importance-are, thus far, produced in collaboration with non-A'uwẽ-Xavante. These productions are edited and variously conceptualized (gradually to a lesser extent) together with individuals who have experience and technical expertise in editing and production (see Elder, 1995;Michaels, 1994;Prins, 2002;Ruby, 1991Ruby, , 1995Turner, 1995). The idea for Da'wa Wede (Oral Hygiene), for example, originated with São Paulo-based dentist Rui Arantes, who has worked in the community, and is a collaboration between the dentist, Waiassé and others (Waiassé, Hoiwa, & Arantes, 2000).…”

Picturing the Underserved Audience: Photovoice as Method in Applied Communication Research

“…All of these methods employ photos as a tool to collect data. Ruby (1991) used the term "photovoice" for "the possibility of perceiving the world from the viewpoint of the people who lead lives that are different from those traditionally in control of the means for imaging the world" (p. 50). Further, Wang and Burris (1997) claimed "photovoice" in an effort to enhance research in public health promotion, and modified it to go one step further by enabling community members to create the images themselves.…”

Making documentaries and teaching about educational disadvantage: Ethical issues and practical dilemmas

“…In researching the project we have drawn on Ruby's (1992) analysis of the dilemmas faced by anthropologists and documentary film makers, and Meinhof and Richardson's (1994) collection of interdisciplinary essays Text, discourse and context: representations of poverty in Britain. Ruby (1992) argues that the move to give authority to 'the subject who was there' has now reached an extreme point, especially in 'mainstream ' documentary, where what people say about themselves is heard as 'truth'.…”

“…Ruby (1992) argues that the move to give authority to 'the subject who was there' has now reached an extreme point, especially in 'mainstream ' documentary, where what people say about themselves is heard as 'truth'. He cautions that 'What people say about themselves is data to be interpreted, not the truth' (Ruby 1992, p. 49).…”