SPE-UHPLC-FLD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Anthraquinones in Human Urine Using Mixed-Mode Bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine) Modified Silica as Sorbent

Abstract

The five anthraquinones compounds (including aloe-emodin, emodin, physcion, chrysophanol, and rhein) are regarded as the main effective ingredients in rhubarb (Dahuang in Chinese, one of the commonly used Chinese herbal medicines). In this work, a simple and effective solid phase extraction (SPE) method based on bis(tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine) modified silica gel as adsorbent was developed. Coupled with UHPLC-FLD, the developed method was successfully applied for the measuring of main anthraquinones in human urine after oral administration of the extracts of rhubarb. To obtain the highest recoveries of the five anthraquinones in the SPE process, the main parameters which may affect extraction efficiency were optimized. The optimized sorbent amount, sample loading pH, sample loading rate, washing solution, and eluent condition were obtained. The developed method showed good linearity in 0.012–1.800 μg mL−1 for the five anthraquinones with correlation coefficients more than 0.9993. The investigated LOD values ranged from 3.9 to 5.7 ng mL−1, while the LOQs were between 12.0 and 18.2 ng mL−1. The recoveries of the method were also investigated, which were in the range of 94.8–106.6%. The application of the mixed-mode SPE materials in the proposed method was feasible and simple, and suitable for the enrichment of anthraquinones in urine samples.

Preparation of magnetic metal‐organic framework MIL‐101(Fe) and its application in the extraction of anthraquinones in rhubarb

“…The developed method was compared with other previous reports [11,[38][39][40]. The adsorption time and the amount of adsorbent, as well as LODs and recovery, were compared (See Table 1).…”

Fabrication of calixarene-grafted bio-polymeric magnetic composites for magnetic solid phase extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples

“…The maximum peak area was observed with 1.5 mL volume of acetonitrile. In contrast, above 1.5 mL of acetonitrile, the peak area decreased due to dilution factor and loss of analytes to environment at higher volume of organic eluent ( Shukri et al, 2015 ; Hu et al, 2017 ; Rashidi Nodeh et al, 2017 ). During drying the elution extract by nitrogen gas stream, the higher volume needed more time to dry and preconcentrate the analytes.…”

Antioxidant Properties of Western Georgia Native Khechechuri Pear

“…This was in conditions of 2 mL methanol, equilibration-2 mL water, load of 2 mL samples, wash-2 mL water + 0.1% formic acid and elute-4 × 1 mL acetonitrile + 0.1% formic acid. All the samples were filtered (0.45 µm) before the chromatography [6].…”