Spawning of Kattegat cod (Gadus morhua)—Mapping spatial distribution by egg surveys

Börjesson, Patrik; Jönsson, Patrik; Pacariz, Selma; Björk, Göran; Taylor, Martin I.; Svedäng, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2013.04.012

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Cod eggs previously fertilized at either present‐day or elevated P CO 2 were maintained at respective P CO 2 treatments and incubated at five different temperatures (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 °C) until hatch. Temperatures were selected to cover the entire range of thermal conditions during embryonic development of cod, including average spawning conditions (4–8 °C) in the Kattegat/Øresund area (Righton et al ., ; Børjesson et al ., ) and projected warming scenarios (+3–4 °C, IPCC, , RCP8.5). Individual egg batches of five different females were used and females were treated as biological replicates.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ocean acidification increase embryonic sensitivity to thermal extremes in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Dahlke

Leo

Mark

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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Thermal tolerance windows serve as a powerful tool for estimating the vulnerability of marine species and their life stages to increasing temperature means and extremes. However, it remains uncertain to which extent additional drivers, such as ocean acidification, modify organismal responses to temperature. This study investigated the effects of CO -driven ocean acidification on embryonic thermal sensitivity and performance in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, from the Kattegat. Fertilized eggs were exposed to factorial combinations of two PCO conditions (400 μatm vs. 1100 μatm) and five temperature treatments (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 °C), which allow identifying both lower and upper thermal tolerance thresholds. We quantified hatching success, oxygen consumption (MO ) and mitochondrial functioning of embryos as well as larval morphometrics at hatch and the abundance of acid-base-relevant ionocytes on the yolk sac epithelium of newly hatched larvae. Hatching success was high under ambient spawning conditions (3-6 °C), but decreased towards both cold and warm temperature extremes. Elevated PCO caused a significant decrease in hatching success, particularly at cold (3 and 0 °C) and warm (12 °C) temperatures. Warming imposed limitations to MO and mitochondrial capacities. Elevated PCO stimulated MO at cold and intermediate temperatures, but exacerbated warming-induced constraints on MO , indicating a synergistic interaction with temperature. Mitochondrial functioning was not affected by PCO . Increased MO in response to elevated PCO was paralleled by reduced larval size at hatch. Finally, ionocyte abundance decreased with increasing temperature, but did not differ between PCO treatments. Our results demonstrate increased thermal sensitivity of cod embryos under future PCO conditions and suggest that acclimation to elevated PCO requires reallocation of limited resources at the expense of embryonic growth. We conclude that ocean acidification constrains the thermal performance window of embryos, which has important implication for the susceptibility of cod to projected climate change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ocean acidification increase embryonic sensitivity to thermal extremes in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Dahlke

Leo

Mark

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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“…All recaptured fish were genotyped and statistically assigned to potential populations of origin using new and existing genetic data on cod [ 30 , 41 ], collected from different spawning aggregations (Table 2 ). In the eastern Skagerrak-Kattegat area, the present major spawning grounds and thus the putative populations of origin for the tagged fish, are located in the North Sea/western Skagerrak [ 36 , 41 , 42 ] and in the Kattegat and in the Öresund [ 82 , 83 ]. Whilst there are no known major spawning areas in eastern Skagerrak, small local fjord populations have been reported on the Norwegian coast in the northern Skagerrak [ 34 , 47 ], and possibly also on the Swedish coast [ 84 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure in Atlantic cod in the eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat: early life stage dispersal and adult migration

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn marine fish species, where pelagic egg and larvae drift with ocean currents, population structure has been suggested to be maintained by larval retention due to hydrographic structuring and by homing of adult fish to natal areas. Whilst natal homing of adults has been demonstrated for anadromous and coral reef fishes, there are few documented examples of philopatric migration in temperate marine fish species.ResultsHere, we demonstrate temporally stable genetic differentiation among spawning populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), and present genetic and behavioural evidence for larval drift and philopatric migration in the eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat area. We show that juvenile cod collected in the eastern Skagerrak and central Kattegat are genetically similar to cod from offshore spawning areas in the eastern North Sea. Genetic assignment of individual 2–5 year old fish indicates that cod residing at, or migrating towards, spawning areas in Kattegat and the North Sea display philopatric behaviours.ConclusionsTogether these findings suggest a loop between spawning, larval drift and adult return-migrations to spawning areas and underlines that both oceanographic processes and migratory behaviour in the adult phase may be important for stock separation and integrity in marine temperate fishes such as Atlantic cod.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1878-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…1). Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations inhabit the entire area and area currently managed as four stocks: the North Sea/Skagerrak, the Kattegat, the western Baltic Sea/Sound and the eastern Baltic Sea, with distinct spawning areas and seasons (Brander 1994;Fox et al 2008;Vitale et al 2008;Munk et al 2009;Hüssy, 2011;Börjesson et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where do you come from, where do you go: early life stage drift and migrations of cod inferred from otolith microchemistry and genetic population assignment

Hüssy

Albertsen

Hemmer‐Hansen

et al. 2022

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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This study investigates stock mixing of genetically distinct Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks in the Kattegat, an area geographically located between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, by combining genetic population identification with habitat assignments from hatch to capture from otolith microchemistry. Cod captured in Kattegat were genetically assigned to either the North Sea or the endemic Kattegat population. Otolith chemical fingerprints differed significantly between populations during the larval and pelagic juvenile stage with higher strontium and lower barium and manganese concentrations in the North Sea population than the Kattegat population, indicating that North Sea cod are spawned in the North Sea or Skagerrak and drift into the Kattegat during the early life stages. Individual cod of both populations undertook frequent migrations to other areas, with < 25 % of individuals remaining resident within the Kattegat throughout their life. Across seasons and age classes, the two populations were most frequently distributed in the Kattegat (67 %), with approximately 25 % distributed in the western Baltic Sea and < 10 % in the Skagerrak/North Sea.

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Spawning of Kattegat cod (Gadus morhua)—Mapping spatial distribution by egg surveys

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of ocean acidification increase embryonic sensitivity to thermal extremes in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Effects of ocean acidification increase embryonic sensitivity to thermal extremes in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua

Population structure in Atlantic cod in the eastern North Sea-Skagerrak-Kattegat: early life stage dispersal and adult migration

Where do you come from, where do you go: early life stage drift and migrations of cod inferred from otolith microchemistry and genetic population assignment

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