Spawning Microhabitat Selection by Brown Trout in the Linthkanal, a Mid-Sized River

Schneider, B. M.

doi:10.1080/02705060.2000.9663735

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…() and Zimmer & Power () found the same values for bottom velocities as presented in this study. Concerning mean velocity, Schneider () and Walker & Bayliss () recorded values similar to those in this study. In general, the data recorded in this study cover almost the whole range of reported velocities for spawning brown trout.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Combining all study rivers, collected data shows use of a depth range of 9-41 cm. Consequently, the water depth range in our study largely covered the data reported in the literature, except for Schneider (2000) and Wollebaek et al (2008). These differences can be linked to river size and female size.…”

Section: Analysis Of Habitat Use and Burial Depths In Comparison To Psupporting

confidence: 66%

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Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth

Riedl

Peter

2013

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Timing of spawning, habitat use and egg burial depths of brown trout were studied in seven Swiss (alpine and prealpine) rivers, which differed in size, altitude and flow regime. In general, we observed brown trout spawning activity between the end of October and the beginning of January. The spawning duration differed significantly, however, between rivers, ranging from 28 to 72 days. Analysis of environmental parameters for their influence on spawning activity revealed mean water temperature and altitude as the most explanatory variables. Detailed investigation of redd characteristics based on water velocity, water depth and substrate size clearly showed differences between positions on the redd. Brown trout in Alpine rivers preferred to use velocities of 30–40 cm·s−1, water depths of 10–20 cm and substrates of 16–32 mm for spawning. It has to be noted, however, that recorded values cover almost the whole range of data on spawning habitats that has been reported in literature so far. A special focus of this study was on egg burial depths, which were surprisingly not found to differ significantly between the rivers despite their different flow regimes. Recorded egg burial depths were, however, found to be distinctly lower (mean burial depth: 3.8 cm) than reported by almost any study so far. We see this observation of low burial depths in Alpine rivers as useful in the context of scouring effects, especially when evaluating the influence of scouring on fish populations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Analysis Of Habitat Use and Burial Depths In Comparison To Psupporting

confidence: 66%

Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth

Riedl

Peter

2013

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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“…The trout spawn on stone and gravel bottoms, usually in running waters, although lake spawning populations occur occasionally (Klemetsen 1967;Scott & Irvine 2000;Sneider 2000;Brabrand et al 2002). The species reproduces in autumn or winter; the earlier the higher the latitude and altitude because of lower water temperature and longer egg incubation period.…”

Section: Life Cycle and Habitat Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Atlantic salmonSalmo salarL., brown troutSalmo truttaL. and Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(L.): a review of aspects of their life histories

Klemetsen

Amundsen

Dempson

et al. 2003

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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1,275

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-Among the species in the family Salmonidae, those represented by the genera Salmo, Salvelinus, and Oncorhynchus (subfamily Salmoninae) are the most studied. Here, various aspects of phenotypic and life-history variation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L., and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) are reviewed. While many strategies and tactics are commonly used by these species, there are also differences in their ecology and population dynamics that result in a variety of interesting and diverse topics that are challenging for future research. Atlantic salmon display considerable phenotypic plasticity and variability in life-history characters ranging from fully freshwater resident forms, where females can mature at approximately 10 cm in length, to anadromous populations characterised by 3-5 sea-winter (5SW) salmon. Even within simple 1SW populations, 20 or more spawning life-history types can be identified. Juveniles in freshwater can use both fluvial and lacustrine habitats for rearing, and while most smolts migrate to sea during the spring, fall migrations occur in some populations. At sea, some salmon undertake extensive oceanic migrations while other populations stay within the geographical confines of areas such as the Baltic Sea. At the other extreme are those that reside in estuaries and return to freshwater to spawn after spending only a few months at sea. The review of information on the diversity of life-history forms is related to conservation aspects associated with Atlantic salmon populations and current trends in abundance and survival. Brown trout is indigenous to Europe, North Africa and western Asia, but was introduced into at least 24 countries outside Europe and now has a world-wide distribution. It exploits both fresh and salt waters for feeding and spawning (brackish), and populations are often partially migratory. One part of the population leaves and feeds elsewhere, while another part stays as residents. In large, complex systems, the species is polymorphic with different size morphs in the various parts of the habitat. Brown trout feed close to the surface and near shore, but large individuals may move far offshore. The species exhibits ontogenetic niche shifts partly related to size and partly to developmental rate. They switch when the amount of surplus energy available for growth becomes small with fast growers being younger and smaller fish than slow growers. Brown trout is an opportunistic carnivore, but individuals specialise at least temporarily on particular food items; insect larvae are important for the young in 1 Un resumen en espan˜ol se incluye detra´s del texto principal de este artı´culo. Introduction''There is no group or family of fishes that supplies better materials for the study of the effects of geographic or physiologic isolation, or which presents more curious and interesting facts in their life histories than do the various species of Salmonidae.'' (Evermann 1925) The salmonid subfamily Salmoninae comprises about 30 species ...

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“…Area below dotted straight line is measured (cross symbol) and estimated concentrations in Swiss rivers (unpublished data LHG and NADUF). Below straight line, no LC (lethal concentrations) was found (Herbert et al 1961;Alabaster and Lloyd 1980;Newcombe and MacDonald 1991;Newcombe and Jensen 1996;Berry et al 2003) al (Baglinière and Maisse 2002;Zimmer and Power 2006) and the redds are usually placed at the same sites in subsequent years (Schneider 2000). For redd construction female trout excavate a depression by removing fines and gravel creating a typical pit and tail structure.…”

Section: Habitat Requirements Of Gravel-spawning Brown Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

Scheurer

Alewell

Bänninger

et al. 2008

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Background, aim, and scope Catch decline of freshwater fish has been recorded in several countries. Among the possible causes, habitat change is discussed. This article focuses on potentially increased levels of fine sediments going to rivers and their effects on gravel-spawning brown trout. Indications of increased erosion rates are evident from land-use change in agriculture, changes in forest management practices, and from climate change. The latter induces an increase in air and river water temperatures, reduction in permafrost, changes in snow dynamics and an increase in heavy rain events. As a result, an increase in river sediment is likely. Suspended sediment may affect fish health and behaviour directly. Furthermore, sediment loads may clog gravel beds impeding fish such as brown trout from spawning and reducing recruitment rates. To assess the potential impact on fine sediments, knowledge of brown trout reproductive needs and the effects of sediment on brown trout health were evaluated. Approach We critically reviewed the literature and included results from ongoing studies to answer the following questions, focusing on recent decades and rivers in alpine countries.-Have climate change and land-use change increased erosion and sediment loads in rivers? -Do we have indications of an increase in riverbed clogging?-Are there indications of direct or indirect effects on brown trout from increased suspended sediment concentrations in rivers or from an increase in riverbed clogging?Results Rising air temperatures have led to more intensive precipitation in winter months, earlier snow melt in spring, and rising snow lines and hence to increased erosion. Intensification of land use has supported erosion in lowland and prealpine areas in the second half of the twentieth century. In the Alps, however, reforestation of abandoned land at high altitudes might reduce the erosion risk while intensification on the lower, more easily accessible slopes increases erosion risk. Data from laboratory experiments show that suspended sediments affect the health and behaviour of fish when available in high amounts. Point measurements in large rivers indicate no common lethal threat and suspended sediment is rarely measured continuously in small rivers. However, effects on fish can be expected under environmentally relevant conditions. River bed clogging impairs the reproductive performance of gravel-spawning fish. Discussion Overall, higher erosion and increased levels of fine sediment going into rivers are expected in future. Additionally, sediment loads in rivers are suspected to have considerably impaired gravel bed structure and brown trout spawning is impeded. Timing of discharge is put forward and is now more likely to affect brown trout spawning than in previous decades. Conclusions Reports on riverbed clogging from changes in erosion and fine sediment deposition patterns, caused by climate change and land-use change are rare. This review identifies both a risk of increases in climate erosive forces and fine sedi...

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Spawning Microhabitat Selection by Brown Trout in the Linthkanal, a Mid-Sized River

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth

Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth

Atlantic salmonSalmo salarL., brown troutSalmo truttaL. and Arctic charrSalvelinus alpinus(L.): a review of aspects of their life histories

Climate and land-use changes affecting river sediment and brown trout in alpine countries—a review

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