Spawning Characteristics and Artificial Hatching of Female Mottled Skate, Beringraja pulchra in the West Coast of Korea

Kang, Hee-Woong; Jo, Yeong-Rok; Kang, Duk-Yong; Jeong, Gyeong-Suk; Jo, Hyun-Su

doi:10.12717/dr.2013.17.3.247

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The derived pattern of multi‐yolked single oviparity, which arose in the rajiform genus Beringraja (Tables S2 and S5; Fig. S2), increased fecundity over the typical rajiform pattern because each of the egg capsules can contain 5–8 yolks (Hitz, 1964; Kang et al ., 2013; Chiquillo et al ., 2014). Due to this pattern, the skate B. binoculata is one of the most fecund elasmobranchs in the world, with an output of up to 360 multi‐yolked egg cases and perhaps >1200 hatchings annually (Ebert & Davis, 2007; Ebert, Smith & Cailliet, 2008 b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes

Blackburn,

Hughes

2024

Biological Reviews

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The reproductive diversity of extant cartilaginous fishes (class Chondrichthyes) is extraordinarily broad, reflecting more than 400 million years of evolutionary history. Among their many notable reproductive specialisations are viviparity (live‐bearing reproduction) and matrotrophy (maternal provision of nutrients during gestation). However, attempts to understand the evolution of these traits have yielded highly discrepant conclusions. Here, we compile and analyse the current knowledge on the evolution of reproductive diversity in Chondrichthyes with particular foci on the frequency, phylogenetic distribution, and directionality of evolutionary changes in their modes of reproduction. To characterise the evolutionary transformations, we amassed the largest empirical data set of reproductive parameters to date covering nearly 800 extant species and analysed it via a comprehensive molecular‐based phylogeny. Our phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that the ancestral pattern for Chondrichthyes is ‘short single oviparity’ (as found in extant holocephalans) in which females lay successive clutches (broods) of one or two eggs. Viviparity has originated at least 12 times, with 10 origins among sharks, one in batoids, and (based on published evidence) another potential origin in a fossil holocephalan. Substantial matrotrophy has evolved at least six times, including one origin of placentotrophy, three separate origins of oophagy (egg ingestion), and two origins of histotrophy (uptake of uterine secretions). In two clades, placentation was replaced by histotrophy. Unlike past reconstructions, our analysis reveals no evidence that viviparity has ever reverted to oviparity in this group. Both viviparity and matrotrophy have arisen by a variety of evolutionary sequences. In addition, the ancestral pattern of oviparity has given rise to three distinct egg‐laying patterns that increased clutch (brood) size and/or involved deposition of eggs at advanced stages of development. Geologically, the ancestral oviparous pattern arose in the Paleozoic. Most origins of viviparity and matrotrophy date to the Mesozoic, while a few that are represented at low taxonomic levels are of Cenozoic origin. Coupled with other recent work, this review points the way towards an emerging consensus on reproductive evolution in chondrichthyans while offering a basis for future functional and evolutionary analyses. This review also contributes to conservation efforts by highlighting taxa whose reproductive specialisations reflect distinctive evolutionary trajectories and that deserve special protection and further investigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes

Blackburn,

Hughes

2024

Biological Reviews

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“…Given that studies of growth rates rely heavily on the accuracy of estimates of a relatively small number of variables, recording such variables under direct observation is paramount for fishery managers. The use of empirical overestimated parameters has been strongly recommended (Cailliet et al, ) and these are available for a number of batoids (Capapé et al ., ; Cavanagh & Damon‐Randall, ; Kang et al, ; Luer & Gilbert, ; Márquez‐Farías, ; Parent et al, ). However, more empirical work needs to be done to determine size at hatching and incubation period for other batoid species of South America, to aid fishery managers and conservation biologists in obtaining more precise and reliable evaluations of the conservation status of elasmobranchs overall.…”

Section: Morphometry and Incubation Period Of Each Newborn Of Diturusmentioning

confidence: 99%

First observations on captive hatching and incubation period of the yellow‐nose skateDipturus chilensis(Rajiformes: Rajidae), from the South‐Eastern Pacific Ocean

Concha

Morales

Hernández

2018

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…Beringraja pulchra (mottled skate), a cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae, is found predominantly in the south sea of Korea, southern Japan, and East China Sea [ 1 ]. Skate have specific features that producing ammonia in their muscle during fermentation period in the low temperature [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Microbial Community of the Mottled Skate (Beringraja pulchra) During Alkaline Fermentation

Park¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

2020

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Beringraja pulchra (mottled skate), a cartilaginous fish belonging to the family Rajidae, is found predominantly in the south sea of Korea, southern Japan, and East China Sea [1]. Skate have specific features that producing ammonia in their muscle during fermentation period in the low temperature [2]. During the fermentation, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and urea in the skate muscle are converted to trimethylamine (TMA) and ammonia, respectively [3]. Also, they produce mucus containing proteins, antibacterial enzymes, and proteolytic enzymes on their skins to prevent infectious pathogens and maintain innate immunity [4]. Certain strains of marine bacteria use these chemical compounds and producing antibacterial products which have probiotic potential found in the skate skin. Because of its specific features and flavors during fermentation, fermented skate is a popular seafood in South Korea and Iceland, with a high commercial value [5]. Especially, in Jeolla province of Korea, many consider it to be an irreplaceable food item for ceremonial occasions [6]. Continued skate ingestion can improve brain growth and cognitive function, alleviate symptoms of arthritis, improve skin health, prevent obesity, and it is also beneficial for the elderly [7, 8]. However, there are several safety concerns due to high concentrations of ammonia and bacterial contamination of fermented skate [9]. Thus, several studies on fermented skate have focused on the physicochemical and microbiological quality characteristics [10, 11]. According to a previous study, the pH of fermented skate ranged from 8.75-9.43 and the total number of microorganisms present in the skate was found to be between 4.8 log CFU/g and 7.5 log CFU/g [11]. In a study of prokaryotic community composition in alkaline fermented skate, the major phylum observed in the fermented skate was Firmicutes, whereas that in the fresh skate was Gammaproteobacteria [12]. However, only a small number of samples were analyzed and no repetition even using different conditions of fermentation period; therefore, limited information regarding the detailed bacterial distribution, interactions, or changes in microbial composition of the alkaline fermented skate is available. Furthermore, no previous studies Beringraja pulchra, Cham-hong-eo in Korean, is a mottled skate which is belonging to the cartilaginous fish. Although this species is economically valuable in South Korea as an alkalinefermented food, there are few microbial studies on such fermentation. Here, we analyzed microbial changes and pH before, during, and after fermentation and examined the effect of inoculation by a skin microbiota mixture on the skate fermentation (control vs. treatment). To analyze microbial community, the V4 regions of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from the skates were amplified, sequenced and analyzed. During the skate fermentation, pH and total number of marine bacteria increased in both groups, while microbial diversity decreased after fermentation. Pseudomonas, which was predominant in the initial skate, d...

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Spawning Characteristics and Artificial Hatching of Female Mottled Skate, Beringraja pulchra in the West Coast of Korea

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes

Phylogenetic analysis of viviparity, matrotrophy, and other reproductive patterns in chondrichthyan fishes

First observations on captive hatching and incubation period of the yellow‐nose skateDipturus chilensis(Rajiformes: Rajidae), from the South‐Eastern Pacific Ocean

Changes in the Microbial Community of the Mottled Skate (Beringraja pulchra) During Alkaline Fermentation

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