Spatter behavior for 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting in a vacuum

Sato, Yuji; Srisawadi, Sasitorn; Tanprayoon, Dhritti; Suga, Tetsuo; Ohkubo, Takeru; Tsukamoto, Masahiro

doi:10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106209

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…During the printing process, the interaction between laser and metal powder has a drastic effect, resulting in a certain spatter caused by the combined action of the recoil pressure generated by violent vaporization of the liquid metal and the gas-phase expansion of metal powder, as well as the flow of liquid metal inside the melt pool caused by the Marangoni effect [17][18][19][20][21]. Suppose the formed spatter particles are not blown away by the gas circulating in the forming bin and fall to the powder bed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spatter Behavior on Mechanical Properties and Surface Roughness of Printed Parts during PBF-LM of 316L

Chen,

Song,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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The spatter generated by the interaction between laser and powder during Powder Bed Fusion-Laser Melting (PBF-LM) can significantly affect the quality of printed parts. A high-speed camera is used to observe the dynamic process of spatter’s behavior under different layer thickness and laser powers during the printing process, and to analyze the printed samples’ surface roughness, microstructure, and mechanical properties. In terms of spatter image processing, employing an optical flow approach to track and quantify the number of spatters efficiently eliminates statistical redundancy and improves statistical correctness. It is found that under the same laser power, the number of spatters produced by the laser scan direction with the gas flow (LSD-W) is more than that by the laser scan direction against the gas flow (LSD-A), and the number of spatters produced increases with the increase of laser power. Analyzing the mechanical properties and surface roughness of the printed samples under different process parameters quantitatively reveals that differences in the spatter amount generated under different process parameters in the PBF-LM process is not the determining factor affecting the difference in tensile strength of printed parts. During LSD-W, the number of spatters generated at laser power of 170 W and layer thickness of 0.03 mm is 87, and the tensile strength of the printed sample is 618 MPa. During LSD-W, the number of spatters generated at laser power of 320 W and layer thickness of 0.05 mm is 211, and the tensile strength of the printed sample is 680 MPa. Instead, spatter generation has a more direct impact on the surface roughness of printed parts. The layer thickness is 0.03 mm, the laser power is 170 W, and (Ra = 2.372 μm) is the surface roughness of the sample. The layer thickness is 0.05 mm, the laser power is 320 W, and (Ra = 8.163 μm) is the surface roughness of the sample.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Spatter Behavior on Mechanical Properties and Surface Roughness of Printed Parts during PBF-LM of 316L

Chen,

Song,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Attention was generally focused on the influence of laser process parameters including laser power, scanning speed and environmental pressure on spatter behavior. Sato et al (2020) concluded the amount of the spatter depending on the input energy of the laser. At a laser energy density of 20 kJ/cm 2 , the amount of spatter was the smallest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow field analysis for multilaser powder bed fusion and the influence of gas flow distribution on parts quality

Liu

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

RPJ

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the influence of the gas-flow field distribution and design on the parts quality of 316L stainless steel and the vapor–spatter behavior. Design/methodology/approach Based on the hot-wire wind speed test method, the exact value of the gas velocity at different locations was accurately measured to establish the effect on the porosity and the mechanical properties of the parts. The influence of the placement of single or dual blow screens on the performance of the parts quality was also studied. Through scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer, high-speed photography and other methods, the influence mechanism was explained. Findings It was found that too high or too low gas velocity both play a negative role, for 316L stainless steel, the range of 1.3–2.0 m/s is a suitable gas field velocity during the multilaser powder bed fusion process. And printing quality using dual blow screens is better than single. Practical implications The optimization of gas field design and optimal gas velocity (1.3–2.0 m/s) applied during laser melting can improve the quality of ML-PBF of 316L stainless steel. Originality/value This study showed the influence of the gas field on the spatter–vapor in the process during ML-PBF, and the unfavorable gas field led to the formation of pores and unmelted powders.

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Effect of modulated pulses on the fabrication of Ti-6al-4v by spatter-less selective laser melting in vacuum

et al. 2022

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Spatter behavior for 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting in a vacuum

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of Spatter Behavior on Mechanical Properties and Surface Roughness of Printed Parts during PBF-LM of 316L

Effect of Spatter Behavior on Mechanical Properties and Surface Roughness of Printed Parts during PBF-LM of 316L

Flow field analysis for multilaser powder bed fusion and the influence of gas flow distribution on parts quality

Effect of modulated pulses on the fabrication of Ti-6al-4v by spatter-less selective laser melting in vacuum

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