Spatiotemporally precise optogenetic activation of sensory neurons in freely walking Drosophila

DeAngelis, Brian D; Zavatone-Veth, Jacob A.; Gonzalez-Suarez, Aneysis D.; Clark, Damon A.

doi:10.7554/elife.54183

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…These results reproduce the known effects of natural sugar or bitter (Flood et al, 2013;Thoma et al, 2016;Marella et al, 2006;Joseph and Heberlein, 2012;Das et al, 2014;Schwaerzel et al, 2003), providing reassurance that our activation paradigms are relevant to natural behavior. Our results also align with other studies that reported effects on locomotion or innate preference using optogenetic taste neuron activation (Aso et al, 2014;Tadres and Louis, 2020;Mohammad et al, 2017;Haberkern et al, 2019;DeAngelis et al, 2020;Stern and Yang, 2017).…”

Section: Behavioral Effects Of Optogenetic Taste Activationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Selective integration of diverse taste inputs within a single taste modality

Deere

Uttley

Santana

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Each sensory system contains a diverse repertoire of sensory cells. In the gustatory system, individual taste modalities contain sensory cells that reside in different locations or express different combinations of taste receptors. These different input channels may converge onto common downstream circuits and drive the same behaviors, or they may activate separate pathways to regulate distinct behaviors. To distinguish between these models in Drosophila, we first characterized a repertoire of behaviors induced by optogenetic activation of sugar- or bitter-sensing neurons. We then activated subsets of bitter-sensing neurons within specific organs. Different subsets elicited a broad and highly overlapping set of behaviors, suggesting that they converge onto common downstream pathways, but we also observed behavioral differences that argue for selective convergence. Transsynaptic tracing experiments provided a neuronal substrate for these results, revealing that bitter neuron subsets connect to overlapping downstream regions with biased connectivity. We characterized one type of second-order bitter neuron that integrates multiple types of bitter input and regulates a subset of bitter-induced behaviors. These results suggest that different bitter inputs are selectively integrated early in the circuit, enabling the pooling of sensory information, and the circuit then diverges into multiple pathways that may have different behavioral roles.

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Section: Behavioral Effects Of Optogenetic Taste Activationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Selective integration of diverse taste inputs within a single taste modality

Deere

Uttley

Santana

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Because the entire body of every animal is illuminated, this approach relies entirely on genetics for targeting. Recent work has used stochastic spatially varying illumination patterns in open loop from a projector [49] or cellphone [50] to probe the spatial dependence of optogenetic stimulation. But because these methods are open loop, they cannot target stimulation specifically to any animal or body part.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-throughput method to deliver targeted optogenetic stimulation to moving C. elegans populations

et al. 2022

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We present a high-throughput optogenetic illumination system capable of simultaneous closed-loop light delivery to specified targets in populations of moving Caenorhabditis elegans. The instrument addresses 3 technical challenges: It delivers targeted illumination to specified regions of the animal’s body such as its head or tail; it automatically delivers stimuli triggered upon the animal’s behavior; and it achieves high throughput by targeting many animals simultaneously. The instrument was used to optogenetically probe the animal’s behavioral response to competing mechanosensory stimuli in the the anterior and posterior gentle touch receptor neurons. Responses to more than 43,418 stimulus events from a range of anterior–posterior intensity combinations were measured. The animal’s probability of sprinting forward in response to a mechanosensory stimulus depended on both the anterior and posterior stimulation intensity, while the probability of reversing depended primarily on the anterior stimulation intensity. We also probed the animal’s response to mechanosensory stimulation during the onset of turning, a relatively rare behavioral event, by delivering stimuli automatically when the animal began to turn. Using this closed-loop approach, over 9,700 stimulus events were delivered during turning onset at a rate of 9.2 events per worm hour, a greater than 25-fold increase in throughput compared to previous investigations. These measurements validate with greater statistical power previous findings that turning acts to gate mechanosensory evoked reversals. Compared to previous approaches, the current system offers targeted optogenetic stimulation to specific body regions or behaviors with many fold increases in throughput to better constrain quantitative models of sensorimotor processing.

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“…1 (Demir et al, 2020). The second is a method for patterned optogenetic stimulation using a light projector mounted above the arena (DeAngelis et al, 2020) (Fig. 2a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were recorded with a FLIR Grasshopper USB 3.0 camera with IR-pass filter at 60 Hz. Optogenetic stimuli were delivered using a LightCrafter 4500 digital light projector mounted 310 mm above the arena, illuminating an area larger than in the original method (DeAngelis et al, 2020). Only the red LED (central wavelength 627 nm) was used throughout this study.…”

Section: Behavioral Assay and Optogenetic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Odor motion sensing enables complex plume navigation

Kadakia

Demir

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Insects can detect bilateral differences in odor concentration between their two antennae, enabling them to sense odor gradients. While gradients aid navigation in simple odor environments like static ribbons, their role in navigating complex plumes remains unknown. Here, we use a virtual reality paradigm to show that Drosophila use bilateral sensing for a distinct computation: detecting the motion of odor signals. Such odor direction sensing is computationally equivalent to motion detection algorithms underlying motion detection in vision. Simulations of natural plumes reveal that odor motion contains valuable directional information absent from the airflow, which Drosophila indeed exploit when navigating natural plumes. Olfactory studies dating back a century have stressed the critical role of wind sensing for insect navigation; we reveal an entirely orthogonal direction cue used by flies in natural environments, and give theoretical arguments suggesting that this cue may be of broad use across the animal kingdom.

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Spatiotemporally precise optogenetic activation of sensory neurons in freely walking Drosophila

Cited by 10 publications

References 70 publications

Selective integration of diverse taste inputs within a single taste modality

Selective integration of diverse taste inputs within a single taste modality

A high-throughput method to deliver targeted optogenetic stimulation to moving C. elegans populations

Odor motion sensing enables complex plume navigation

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