Spatiotemporal Variation in the Magnitude of Reproduction by Invasive, Pelagically Spawning Carps in the Illinois Waterway

Parkos, Joseph J.; Butler, Steven E.; King, Gregory D.; Porreca, Anthony P.; Coulter, David P.; MacNamara, Ruairí; Wahl, David H.

doi:10.1002/nafm.10634

Cited by 5 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(216 reference statements)

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“…By identifying the sources and timing of reproduction, we can start to identify environmental drivers that contribute to successful Silver Carp recruitment, especially at the leading edge of their invasion, where these triggers might differ from those at the locations in which Silver Carp are already established. Our results, when coupled with information from other systems (Parkos et al 2021), could help us to better understand systemwide trends contributing to bigheaded carp production. Once the recruitment sources, timing, and environmental drivers are identified, management efforts (e.g., removal, deterrents, or water level management) can be better planned for relevant locations and conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Despite the lower abundance of bigheaded carp upstream of LD19, eggs and larvae have been detected upstream in the main stem and tributaries (Larson et al 2017;Camacho et al 2021). Reproduction in tributaries of other large rivers has been documented (Parkos et al 2021;Roth et al 2021; both this special section); however, little is known about the relative contribution of tributaries to bigheaded carp recruitment. Therefore, identifying the sources and frequency of reproduction by bigheaded carp in their invaded range would fill an important knowledge gap and help to inform decisions on possible control measures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Age‐0 Silver Carp Otolith Microchemistry and Microstructure Reveal Multiple Early Life Environments and Protracted Spawning in the Upper Mississippi River

Williams

Whitledge²,

Knights

et al. 2021

N American J Fish Manag

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Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are highly mobile and fecund planktivorous cyprinids that have invaded much of the Mississippi River and are known to alter food webs and compete with native planktivores. In 2016, for the first time, an abundance of age‐0 Silver Carp (n = 12,208; 16–231 mm) were captured at many (n = 11) sites upstream of Lock and Dam 19 on the upper Mississippi River. Previous reports were of a few individuals at a few locations; however, effort to capture juveniles of this size was likely less in previous years. Determining the origin, frequency, and timing of the reproductive events that led to this large year‐class is important for determining control strategies. We used otolith microstructure and microchemistry from age‐0 Silver Carp to estimate timing and frequency of spawning and early life environments of these fish. Hatch dates were determined from the lapillus otoliths of 190 age‐0 Silver Carp (16–231 mm), and early life environments were identified from otolith microchemistry for 124 of these fish (64–231 mm). Age‐0 Silver Carp were collected from Pools 18 and 19 during July–October 2016 by using a variety of sampling gears. We identified 10 cohorts with hatch dates ranging from May to August 2016 and with main‐stem Mississippi River (75%) and tributary (23%) early life signatures. Tributary otolith chemistry signatures were present in all cohorts between May and July (n = 8) but were absent from the August cohorts (n = 2). Our results indicate that tributaries and small tributary streams, in addition to the main‐stem river, play an important role in Silver Carp recruitment in areas near the reproductive front, where management actions (e.g., contract removal and deterrents) are often targeted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐0 Silver Carp Otolith Microchemistry and Microstructure Reveal Multiple Early Life Environments and Protracted Spawning in the Upper Mississippi River

Williams

Whitledge²,

Knights

et al. 2021

N American J Fish Manag

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“…Of the rivers supporting long-term YOY survival, we observed a brief period (≤ 30 days) during which spawning resulted in long-term offspring survival, a relatively small window when compared to the duration of the reproductive season of bigheaded carps in established systems (e.g. 6 months;Parkos et al, 2021). Actual risk of YOY survival in systems where they survived simulations may be lower than predicted because the short duration when spawning must occur and the high variability in annual reproductive success in these species(Gibson-Reinemer et al, 2017) reduces the chance of successful reproductive events.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…They reproduce over a prolonged spawning period (Parkos et al, 2021), thereby potentially increasing reproductive success by increasing the likelihood of environmental match for offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both species are planktivores, feeding at a low trophic level, which has resulted in disruption to food web dynamics and competition with native species (DeBoer et al, 2018). They reproduce over a prolonged spawning period (Parkos et al, 2021), thereby potentially increasing reproductive success by increasing the likelihood of environmental match for offspring. Silver carp also jump out of the water when disturbed which causes a safety hazard for recreational activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using individual‐based models to develop invasive species risk assessments by predicting species habitat suitability

Coulter

Feiner

Coulter

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Preventing invasive species establishment is a global conservation priority, yet limited management resources oftentimes restrict sites to target for prevention or monitoring. Risk assessments based on habitat suitability can identify sites most vulnerable to invasion that should be prioritized for preventative actions. Since habitat suitability is the result of interactions between environmental and organismal attributes, analyses should incorporate individual variability in demographics expected in an invasive population. Individual‐based models (IBMs) can predict habitat suitability by accounting for interactions between environmental conditions and individual‐level variability. We developed an IBM to predict suitability of rivers in the northern United States to the invasive fishes silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) and explored the projected effects of climate change on habitat suitability. All rivers supported adult survival, although complete survival of all adult demographics and positive growth only occurred in approximately 45% (17 of 38) of rivers for silver carp and 26% (10 of 38) of rivers for bighead carp. Only the largest individuals at the time of introduction survived in rivers where adult mortality occurred. Most rivers were unsuitable for young‐of‐year (89% and 92% of rivers for silver carp and bighead carp respectively). Climate change simulations had relatively little effect on adult habitat suitability but resulted in up to four times the number of rivers being suitable for young‐of‐year by the late‐21st century and greatly extended the viable spawning season by up to an additional 65 days for silver carp and 77 days for bighead carp. Synthesis and applications. Our approach of using individual‐based models as a risk assessment tool informs proactive conservation planning by identifying sites for invasive species early detection monitoring, promoting the development of contingency response plans and allowing for proactive prevention efforts. Model predictions also provide specific management guidance regarding the size and life stages to target for monitoring efforts, which capture gears to use, and the most effective time to sample for early detection monitoring.

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Incorporating metapopulation dynamics to inform invasive species management: Evaluating bighead and silver carp control strategies in the Illinois River

Kallis

Erickson

Coulter

et al. 2023

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Invasive species management can benefit from predictive models that incorporate spatially explicit demographics and dispersal to guide resource allocation decisions. We used invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in the Illinois River, USA as a case study to create a spatially explicit model to evaluate the allocation of future management efforts. Specifically, we compared additional harvest (e.g. near the invasion front vs. source populations) and enhanced movement deterrents to meet the management goal of reducing abundance at the invasion front. We found additional harvest in lower river pools (i.e. targeting source populations) more effectively limited population sizes upriver at the invasion front compared to allocating the same harvest levels near the invasion front. Likewise, decreasing passage (i.e. lock and dam structures) at the farthest, feasible downriver location limited invasion front population size more than placing movement deterrents farther upriver. Synthesis and applications. Our work highlights the benefits of adopting a multipronged approach for invasive species management, combining suppression of source populations with disrupting movement between source and sink populations thereby producing compounding benefits for control. Our results also demonstrate the importance of considering metapopulation dynamics for invasive species control programs when achieving long‐term management goals.

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Spatiotemporal Variation in the Magnitude of Reproduction by Invasive, Pelagically Spawning Carps in the Illinois Waterway

Cited by 5 publications

References 69 publications

Age‐0 Silver Carp Otolith Microchemistry and Microstructure Reveal Multiple Early Life Environments and Protracted Spawning in the Upper Mississippi River

Age‐0 Silver Carp Otolith Microchemistry and Microstructure Reveal Multiple Early Life Environments and Protracted Spawning in the Upper Mississippi River

Using individual‐based models to develop invasive species risk assessments by predicting species habitat suitability

Incorporating metapopulation dynamics to inform invasive species management: Evaluating bighead and silver carp control strategies in the Illinois River

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