Spatiotemporal patterns of secretomotor neuron generation in the parvicellular neuroendocrine system 1Published on the World Wide Web on 3 June 1997. 1

Markakis, Eleni A.; Swanson, Larry W.

doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00006-4

Cited by 89 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Foxb1 is a winged helix transcription factor involved in the development of the diencephalon during the embryogenesis and to a lesser extent during the postnatal development (Altman and Bayer, 1978;Alvarez-Bolado et al, 2000;Croizier et al, 2014;Iball et al, 1966;Markakis and Swanson, 1997;Szabo et al, 2015). Foxb1 is expressed in a "patch" of the caudal hypothalamic neuroepithelium that gives rise to neurons later forming defined hypothalamic nuclei.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birthdate of parvalbumin-neurons in the Parvafox-nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus

2016

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The Parvafox-nucleus in the lateral hypothalamus is characterized by the presence of two distinct neural populations, the Parvalbumin (Parv) and the Foxb1-expressing ones. Foxb1-neurons are born at day 10 in the subventricular zone of the mouse mammillary region. It would be interesting to know if the subpopulation of Parv-neurons develop independently at different times and then meet the Foxb1-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, their final settling place. The aim of this study was to define the period of birth of the Parv-positive neurons using an in-vivo Bromodeoxyuridine-based method in rats. Parvneurons are generated from embryonic day 10 to day 13, with a peak at day 12. Thus, it appears that the birthdates of the two subpopulations in these two species is similar, perhaps suggesting that they are born from the same neuroepithelial region.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gestational day (E) 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 (E6-E14) were given an i.p. injection of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU; Roche, Germany) 160 mg/Kg body weight dissolved in 0.9% sterile NaCl, warmed to 60 1C for complete solubilization and filtered before injection (Brischoux et al, 2001;Markakis and Swanson, 1997).…”

Section: Bromodeoxyuridine Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birthdate of parvalbumin-neurons in the Parvafox-nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus

2016

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“…The methods used to detect hypothalamic peptides in the rat brain have been described in detail previously (Markakis and Swanson, 1997) and are reviewed briefly here.…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ␣-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody is a guinea pig antibody from Advanced Immunochemical (Long Beach, CA), which we used at 1:500 (031223) (Palmer et al, 2000). The ␣-SS antibody is a rabbit polyclonal from Immunostar (20067; Hudson, WI) used at 1:2000 (Markakis and Swanson, 1997). ␣-TH was a rabbit polyclonal from Pel-Freeze Biologicals (P40101-0; Rogers, AR) used at 1:1000 (Markakis and Swanson, 1997).…”

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Neuronal Phenotypes from Neural Progenitor Cells

Markakis¹,

Palmer²,

Randolph‐Moore³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

138

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We report the first isolation of progenitor cells from the hypothalamus, a derivative of the embryonic basal plate that does not exhibit neurogenesis postnatally. Neurons derived from hypothalamic progenitor cells were compared with those derived from progenitor cultures of hippocampus, an embryonic alar plate derivative that continues to support neurogenesis in vivo into adulthood. Aside from their different embryonic origins and their different neurogenic potential in vivo, these brain regions were chosen because they are populated with cells of three different categories: Category I cells are generated in both hippocampus and hypothalamus, Category II cells are generated in the hypothalamus but are absent from the hippocampus, and Category III is a cell type generated in the olfactory placode that migrates into the hypothalamus during development. Stem-like cells isolated from other brain regions, with the ability to generate neurons and glia, produce neurons of several phenotypes including gabaergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic lineages. In the present study, we extended our observations into neuroendocrine phenotypes. The cultured neural precursors from 7-week-old rat hypothalamus readily generated neuropeptide-expressing neurons. Hippocampal and hypothalamic progenitor cultures converged to indistinguishable populations and produced neurons of all three categories, confirming that even short-term culture confers or selects for immature progenitors with enough plasticity to elaborate neuronal phenotypes usually inhibited in vivo by the local microenvironment. The range of phenotypes generated from neuronal precursors in vitro now includes the peptides found in the neuroendocrine system: corticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, somatostatin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and vasopressin.

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“…The rostral PVN has been implicated in the autonomic thermogenesis response (Yoshida et al, 2005) and, although the nature of CART responsive neurons in the rostral PVN awaits characterization (Vrang, 2006), non-neuroendocrine TRH neurons project their axons to other hypothalamic nuclei and/or other brain areas as the brain stem (Markakis and Swanson, 1997). The simultaneous activation of CART and TRH neurons in this area, together with the hypophysiotropic ones, supports a coordinate expression of a somatomotor, autonomic and neuroendocrine response to cold exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expression is differentially regulated in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of lactating rats exposed to suckling or cold stimulation

et al. 2007

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Neural stimuli, such as suckling or cold exposure, increase TRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat hypothalamus, yet only suckling induces prolactin secretion. As TRH co-localizes with cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in hypophysiotropic neurons of the PVN, and CART inhibits TRH-induced prolactin release but not TRH-induced TSH release in adenohypophyseal cell cultures, we raised the possibility that differential regulation of CART gene expression in the PVN may explain the differences in prolactin secretion following each of the two stimuli. Primiparous female rats were mated and handled daily during the pre-and postpartum periods. After delivery, the litter was adjusted to 8 pups and at mid-lactation, dams were separated from their pups for 8 hours and exposed to either 1h of cold or 30 min of suckling. Long term effects of suckling were studied by separating pups from their mothers for 24h, followed by a 12h period of continuous suckling. Serum TSH levels increased in response to cold exposure, while prolactin levels were increased by suckling and diminished by cold exposure. CART mRNA levels increased in rostral and mid parts of the medial parvocellular PVN following cold exposure but not after suckling stimulation. These data demonstrate a differential regulation of CART gene expression in hypophysiotropic neurons in response to stimuli that increase TRH mRNA levels, and suggest that CART activation in the PVN may contribute to the decrease in PRL release when the thyroid axis is activated by cold exposure.Section: Regulatory systems

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Spatiotemporal patterns of secretomotor neuron generation in the parvicellular neuroendocrine system 1Published on the World Wide Web on 3 June 1997. 1

Cited by 89 publications

References 57 publications

Birthdate of parvalbumin-neurons in the Parvafox-nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus

Birthdate of parvalbumin-neurons in the Parvafox-nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus

Novel Neuronal Phenotypes from Neural Progenitor Cells

Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) expression is differentially regulated in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of lactating rats exposed to suckling or cold stimulation

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