Spatiotemporal patterns of carbon‐13 in the global surface oceans and the oceanic suess effect

Foraging ecology of Mediterranean fin whales in a changing environment elucidated by satellite ­tracking and baleen plate stable isotopes

“…Known as the Suess effect (Gruber et al 1999, Tanaka et al 2003, this anthropogenic CO 2 input affects the isotopic signature of primary producers and consequently of marine food web, thus possibly explaining in part the observed baleen plate δ 13 C shift noted herein.…”

A review of ecogeochemistry approaches to estimating movements of marine animals

“…On seasonal time scales, sub-Arctic latitudes (. 50uN) experience summertime d 13 C DIC increases of up to 1%, and in the Sargasso Sea, near Bermuda, time-series data show annual oscillations in d 13 C values of 0.2% to 0.3% due to changes in net community production, air-sea exchange, and vertical transport (Gruber et al 1999).…”

“…Photosynthetic organisms prefer to incorporate 12 C, leading to isotopically heavier DIC values in surface vs. deep waters, with variation in nutrient availability driving the amount of photosynthesis and therefore the amount of fractionation. However, this pattern is nearly offset due to temperature-driven air-sea gas exchange fractionation, leading to a relatively small range of geographic variation (Lynch-Stieglitz et al 1995;Gruber et al 1999). In terms of large-scale trends, there is a maximum in surface-water d 13 C DIC values near the subAntarctic Front due to photosynthetic activity, and minimum surface-water d 13 C DIC values in the Southern Ocean due to upwelling (Gruber et al 1999).…”

“…However, this pattern is nearly offset due to temperature-driven air-sea gas exchange fractionation, leading to a relatively small range of geographic variation (Lynch-Stieglitz et al 1995;Gruber et al 1999). In terms of large-scale trends, there is a maximum in surface-water d 13 C DIC values near the subAntarctic Front due to photosynthetic activity, and minimum surface-water d 13 C DIC values in the Southern Ocean due to upwelling (Gruber et al 1999). Worldwide, anthropogenic input of isotopically light CO 2 into the atmosphere has depleted surface ocean d 13 C DIC values, with a decrease of about 0.2% per decade in the Atlantic Ocean (Quay et al 2003).…”

Twentieth century <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C variability in surface water dissolved inorganic carbon recorded by coralline algae in the northern North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea

“…Authors of previous studies have suggested that upwelling and deep mixing may reduce the influence of the Suess effect in the subarctic Pacific as a consequence of dilution by deep water that has not been influenced by anthropogenic carbon emissions and the limited amount of time for CO 2 equilibration to take place (Gruber et al, 1999;Quay et al, 1992;Schell, 2001;Sonnerup et al, 1999). However, CO 2 concentrations increase and δ 13 C DIC decreases with depth (e.g., Koopnick el al.…”