Spatiotemporal patterns in the natural and anthropogenic additions to the soundscape in parts of the Salish Sea, British Columbia, 2018–2020

Burnham, Rianna E.; Vagle, Svein; O’Neill, Caitlin

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112647

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…6 Ultimately, these projects and initiatives collectively aim to offset the incremental noise increase from TMX-related vessels. The work includes models of baseline noise and potential future soundscapes given a variety of mitigation scenarios (Matthews et al 2018) and the deployment of acoustic recorders to better understand the current soundscape (Burnham et al 2021a). It also involved an exploration of how to effectively measure ship noise in shallow water environments with reliable consistency (MacGillivray et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying technical guidance from the USA for management of impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife in other countries: the Canadian context

2023

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Technical Guidance from the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service recommends Federal agencies use estimated thresholds for peak sound pressure levels and weighted cumulative sound exposure levels for the onset of permanent (and temporary) hearing threshold shifts in marine mammals. These dual metrics were developed to inform impact assessments within the U.S. legal landscape. Despite its merits, the Technical Guidance contains uncertainties due to a lack of data on marine mammal hearing and auditory response to noise, the underlying assumptions about the representative value of existing data create limitations in the applicability of the Technical Guidance. These limitations warrant consideration before it can be applied effectively in other jurisdictions with different legal standards. Using the Canadian legal framework as a working example, we found that Canadian species are under-represented in the in the dataset used for the Technical Guidance, which also does not address all relevant impact types to meet the precautionary requirements of many Canadian legal standards. Thus, the Technical Guidance alone cannot address all Canadian legal standards and, if the Guidance is incorporated, some adjustments to the criteria within may be needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying technical guidance from the USA for management of impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife in other countries: the Canadian context

2023

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“…Data averaged to hour, day, lunar month, and season were used for further analysis, whereby diurnal periods were defined by nautical sunrise and sunset times, and seasons were distinguished using daylight savings dates. Spatiotemporal patterns of the sound levels from the recordings were examined for frequencies in ranges representing SRKW communication and echolocation (500−15 kHz and 15−100 kHz, respectively; Heise et al 2017), adding to descriptions of the spatiotemporal patterns in soundscape levels by Burnham et al (2021). For communication calls we used the frequency range of 1−40 kHz.…”

Section: Passive Acoustic Mooringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we use the L 99 to represent the sound levels that were exceeded 99% of the time of the recordings, and so could be described as the background ambient noise level, when Beaufort Sea State was zero, and wind or vessel noise was absent, NL 0 (ƒ). Summer values were used as ambient noise levels, and the environmental influences on them were typically reduced in these months (Burnham et al 2021). We chose to use one value that represented the absolute minimum possible for the study area and apply it globally throughout, rather than vary by location.…”

Section: Minimum Ambient Noise Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of wind and vessel noise on the sound fields experienced by southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca in the Salish Sea

Burnham

Vagle

Thupaki

et al. 2023

Endang. Species. Res.

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The soundscape of critical habitat for southern resident killer whale (SRKW) Orcinus orca in the Salish Sea, the waters around southern British Columbia, Canada, and northern Washington State, USA, is shaped by wind and wave noise as well as heavy commercial and recreational vessel traffic loads. First, we used recordings from 6 passive acoustic moorings to characterize the acoustic landscape experienced by SRKW in this region, focusing on the frequencies used for communication and echolocation. Mid-frequency wind noise was prevalent in winter sound fields, whereas higher-frequency noise levels associated with increased numbers of recreational vessels increased during summer. Commercial vessel presence was consistent, with acoustic inputs prevalent in the western part of the study area. The potential implications of these additions on SRKW acoustics use were then explored for the frequency band 1-40 kHz to represent communication calls and at 50 kHz to consider echolocation. The inputs of wind were extrapolated from modelled hourly wind speed measures and commercial shipping noise. The noise impact was expressed as a proportional reduction of communication and echolocation extent compared to maximum acoustic ranges at ‘minimum ambient’ levels, void of vessel and abiotic noise. The reductions calculated were substantial, with the presence and impact of vessel noise greater than wind-derived additions and the greatest impacts around shipping lanes. Impacts were found for SRKW foraging areas, with implications for group cohesion and feeding success. This interpretation of the influence of natural and vessel noise more clearly demonstrates the potential implications of altered soundscapes for SRKW.

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Anchored bulk carriers have substantial impacts on the underwater soundscape in Cowichan Bay, British Columbia

Murchy

Vagle

Juanes

2022

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Spatiotemporal patterns in the natural and anthropogenic additions to the soundscape in parts of the Salish Sea, British Columbia, 2018–2020

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Applying technical guidance from the USA for management of impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife in other countries: the Canadian context

Applying technical guidance from the USA for management of impacts of anthropogenic noise on wildlife in other countries: the Canadian context

Implications of wind and vessel noise on the sound fields experienced by southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca in the Salish Sea

Anchored bulk carriers have substantial impacts on the underwater soundscape in Cowichan Bay, British Columbia

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