Spatiotemporal pattern analysis of <i>Cacao swollen shoot virus</i> in experimental plots in Togo

Oro, Franck Zokou; Bonnot, François; Ngo-Bieng, M.-A.; Delaître, Eric; Dufour, Bernard Pierre; Ametefe, K. E.; Mississo, Essivi; Wegbe, Komlan; Muller, Emmanuelle; Cilas, Christian

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02589.x

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This result is in agreement with that obtained by Diby and his collaborators in 2014 [13] which stipulated that Kipiri site was one of the sites which is affected by Swollen shoot disease with a prevalence of 48%. This confirms that the disease is progressing in the cocoa plantations of Soubré [15]. This progression could be linked to the failure to manage the disease on a national scale.…”

Section: Distribution Map and Prevalence Of Cssvsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…1) of this disease are recognizable by redness on the veins of young leaves and swelling of young stems [14]. The infected plant gradually loses its leaves and dies after three to five years [15]. CSSV is spread gradually by outbreaks [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infected plant gradually loses its leaves and dies after three to five years [15]. CSSV is spread gradually by outbreaks [15]. The only method to manage this disease are to uproot infected areas [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Proper Management of Cocoa Plants on the Occurrence of Swollen Shoot Disease in Kipiri - Côte d'Ivoire

Oro

Lallié

N'Guessan

et al. 2020

JEAI

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This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between plot maintenance level and the prevalence of Cocoa swollen shoot disease in Kipiri (Department of Soubré) in Côte d'Ivoire. Indeed, the strong pressure of Swollen shoot disease in this department causes enormous damage in cocoa plots.The study design is a prospective survey in peasant cocoa plots between 2014 and 2016. The data were collected using the Land Degradation Surface Framework (LDSF). The LDSF device is a sentinel site of 10 Km × 10 Km. The site is divided into 16 Clusters of 2.5 Km × 2.5 Km with 10 plots by cluster. In the case of our study, surveys were carried out on 108 plots carrying cocoa trees within a radius of 50 m around each test plot. The data collected included areas of Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV) outbreaks, the cocoa plot maintenance level and CSSV status like ‘Absence’ or ‘Presence’ in plots observed. CSSV prevalence was deduced from CSSV outbreaks areas of each sampling plot, allowing realization of disease map. The relationship between the level of plot maintenance and the prevalence of CSSV was assessed by using the analysis of variance test (Anova-one-way). The results of Swollen shoot disease’s distribution showed that the Kipiri site had a CSSV prevalence around 50%.These results demonstrated that plots maintenance level has a strong influence on the prevalence of Swollen shoot disease (p =0.00 < 0.05). At the end of this study, it appears that plots maintenance level is a key factor in the rapid spread of the Swollen shoot epidemic in Kipiri site. Cocoa producers would therefore be recommended to regularly maintain their plantations by eliminating the reservoirs of Cocoa Swollen Shoot Virus.

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Section: Distribution Map and Prevalence Of Cssvsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Proper Management of Cocoa Plants on the Occurrence of Swollen Shoot Disease in Kipiri - Côte d'Ivoire

Oro

Lallié

N'Guessan

et al. 2020

JEAI

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“…Our estimate of the dispersal scale, together with a careful review of the dispersion ability of arthropods detected in the Bahia region, may help to narrow the set of candidate vectors. Certainly a number of mites and scale insects are known to transmit viral diseases, both in citrus [74] and other perennials [75] , and similar species would be an obvious place to begin such a search. Our parameter estimates are also consistent with an association between a bark wounding insect and a splash dispersed fungus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effective Control of Plant Disease When Epidemiological Knowledge Is Incomplete: Modelling Bahia Bark Scaling of Citrus

et al. 2014

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A spatially-explicit, stochastic model is developed for Bahia bark scaling, a threat to citrus production in north-eastern Brazil, and is used to assess epidemiological principles underlying the cost-effectiveness of disease control strategies. The model is fitted via Markov chain Monte Carlo with data augmentation to snapshots of disease spread derived from a previously-reported multi-year experiment. Goodness-of-fit tests strongly supported the fit of the model, even though the detailed etiology of the disease is unknown and was not explicitly included in the model. Key epidemiological parameters including the infection rate, incubation period and scale of dispersal are estimated from the spread data. This allows us to scale-up the experimental results to predict the effect of the level of initial inoculum on disease progression in a typically-sized citrus grove. The efficacies of two cultural control measures are assessed: altering the spacing of host plants, and roguing symptomatic trees. Reducing planting density can slow disease spread significantly if the distance between hosts is sufficiently large. However, low density groves have fewer plants per hectare. The optimum density of productive plants is therefore recovered at an intermediate host spacing. Roguing, even when detection of symptomatic plants is imperfect, can lead to very effective control. However, scouting for disease symptoms incurs a cost. We use the model to balance the cost of scouting against the number of plants lost to disease, and show how to determine a roguing schedule that optimises profit. The trade-offs underlying the two optima we identify—the optimal host spacing and the optimal roguing schedule—are applicable to many pathosystems. Our work demonstrates how a carefully parameterised mathematical model can be used to find these optima. It also illustrates how mathematical models can be used in even this most challenging of situations in which the underlying epidemiology is ill-understood.

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“…The basic idea of these approaches is to estimate the distance at which two samples become genetically independent by relating genetic data and spatial information obtained for a set of samples, through combining methods of geostatistics 22 and population or landscape genetics 23 . In particular, approaches used for qualitative data comprise join-counts 24 and permutation tests to identify distances at which genetic dissimilarity between pairs of individuals is significantly lower than expected 25–28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale spatial genetic structure of a vector-borne plant pathogen in orchards and wild habitat

Marie-Jeanne

Bonnot

Thébaud

et al. 2019

Preprint

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12Inferring the dispersal processes of vector-borne plant pathogens is a great challenge because the 13 plausible epidemiological scenarios often involve complex spread patterns at multiple scales. 14 European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' 15 and disseminated via planting material and vectors belonging to the species Cacopsylla pruni, is a 16 major threat for stone fruit production throughout Europe. The spatial genetic structure of the 17 pathogen was investigated at multiple scales by the application of a combination of statistical 18 approaches to a large dataset obtained through the intensive sampling of the three ecological 19 compartments hosting the pathogen (psyllids, wild and cultivated Prunus) in three Prunus-growing 20 regions in France. This work revealed new haplotypes of 'Ca. P. prunorum', and showed that the 21 prevalence of the different haplotypes of this pathogen is highly uneven between all regions, and 22 within two of them. In addition, we identified a significant clustering of similar haplotypes within 23 a radius of at most 50 km, but not between nearby wild and cultivated Prunus. We also provide 24 evidence that the two species of the C. pruni complex are unevenly distributed but can spread the 25 pathogen, and that infected plants are transferred between production areas. Altogether, this work 26 supports a main epidemiological scenario where 'Ca. P. prunorum' is endemic in, and mostly 27 acquired from, wild Prunus by immature C. pruni (of both species) who then migrate to "shelter 28 plants" that epidemiologically connect sites less than 50 km apart by later providing infectious mature C. pruni to their "migration basins", which differ in their haplotypic composition. We argue 30 that such multiscale studies would be very useful for other pathosystems. 3132 Keywords: C. pruni, epidemiology, reservoir, join count. 33 34 processes has been a central question for decades in ecology 11-14 and population genetics 15,16 , the 48 development of large-scale pattern-oriented approaches to understand the processes shaping the 49 genetic structure of a population is recent 17-21 . The basic idea of these approaches is to estimate the 50 distance at which two samples become genetically independent by relating genetic data and spatial 51 information obtained for a set of samples, through combining methods of geostatistics 22 and 52 population or landscape genetics 23 . In particular, approaches used for qualitative data comprise 53 join-counts 24 and permutation tests to identify distances at which genetic dissimilarity between 54 pairs of individuals is significantly lower than expected 25-28 . 55

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Spatiotemporal pattern analysis of Cacao swollen shoot virus in experimental plots in Togo

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Proper Management of Cocoa Plants on the Occurrence of Swollen Shoot Disease in Kipiri - Côte d'Ivoire

Effect of Proper Management of Cocoa Plants on the Occurrence of Swollen Shoot Disease in Kipiri - Côte d'Ivoire

Cost-Effective Control of Plant Disease When Epidemiological Knowledge Is Incomplete: Modelling Bahia Bark Scaling of Citrus

Multi-scale spatial genetic structure of a vector-borne plant pathogen in orchards and wild habitat

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