Spatiotemporal evolution of a self-excited dust density wave in a nanodusty plasma under strong Havnes effect

Chutia, Bidyut; Deka, T.; Bailung, Yoshiko; Sharma, Devendra; Sharma, S. K.; Bailung, Heremba

doi:10.1063/5.0075125

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The DDW-D is performed for all particle radii. The dust density waves show a linear, i.e., acoustic dispersion, similar to previous results 37,39 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Decoupling of dust cloud and embedding plasma for high electron depletion in nanodusty plasmas

Petersen¹,

Asnaz²,

Tadsen³

et al. 2022

Commun Phys

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In recent years nanoparticles have become key technological products, e.g., as coatings with tunable optical gap in third generation solar cells, as nanocrystals for photonic applications, and as pharmaceutical nanocarriers. In particle sources, that use reactive, nanodusty plasmas, a high dust density changes the properties of the dusty plasma compared to a dust free plasma considerably, as electron depletion leads to a reduced number of free electrons. This is called the Havnes effect and was central for the understanding of the famous spokes in Saturns rings. We see here, that it is also important for technological applications. Using self excited dust density waves (DDW) as a diagnostic tool, we completely characterize an argon discharge with embedded amorphous hydrocarbon nanoparticles of different size and density. The results show, that electron depletion governs the charge of dust grains, while the size of the particles has only a weak influence. The ion density and electric potential profile are almost independent of both, dust size as well as dust density. This suggests, that the rf generated plasma and the dust cloud seem to coexist and coupling of both is weak.

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“…The DDW-D is performed for all particle radii. The dust density waves show a linear, i.e., acoustic dispersion, similar to previous results 37,39 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Decoupling of dust cloud and embedding plasma for high electron depletion in nanodusty plasmas

Petersen¹,

Asnaz²,

Tadsen³

et al. 2022

Commun Phys

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“…In addition to the ion-impact mechanism cited above for plasma-induced erosion, a second mechanism is based on the nucleation, growth and aggregation of atomic/molecular precursors inside plasma discharge into quantum dots and nano-particles. This effect was first observed in plasma-assisted chip production in the semi-conductor industry [331][332][333]. The resulting particles (named dust, typically in the size range of 10 nm-10 µm) in the presence of nonthermal plasma acquire an electrical charge by collecting electrons and ions from the plasma, or by photo-electron emission if they are exposed to UV radiation.…”

Section: Quantum Effects In Catalytic Plasma Reactions: Catalyst-co 2...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

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This multi-disciplinary paper aims to provide a roadmap for the development of an integrated, process-intensified technology for the production of H2, NH3 and NH3-based symbiotic/smart fertilizers (referred to as target products) from renewable feedstock with CO2 sequestration and utilization while addressing environmental issues relating to the emerging Food, Energy and Water shortages as a result of global warming. The paper also discloses several novel processes, reactors and catalysts. In addition to the process intensification character of the processes used and reactors designed in this study, they also deliver novel or superior products so as to lower both capital and processing costs. The critical elements of the proposed technology in the sustainable production of the target products are examined under three-sections: (1) Materials: They include natural or synthetic porous water absorbents for NH3 sequestration and symbiotic and smart fertilizers (S-fertilizers), synthesis of plasma interactive supported catalysts including supported piezoelectric catalysts, supported high-entropy catalysts, plasma generating-chemical looping and natural catalysts and catalysts based on quantum effects in plasma. Their performance in NH3 synthesis and CO2 conversion to CO as well as the direct conversion of syngas to NH3 and NH3—fertilizers are evaluated, and their mechanisms investigated. The plasma-generating chemical-looping catalysts (Catalysts, 2020, 10, 152; and 2016, 6, 80) were further modified to obtain a highly active piezoelectric catalyst with high levels of chemical and morphological heterogeneity. In particular, the mechanism of structure formation in the catalysts BaTi1−rMrO3−x−y{#}xNz and M3O4−x−y{#}xNz/Si = X was studied. Here, z = 2y/3, {#} represents an oxygen vacancy and M is a transition metal catalyst. (2) Intensified processes: They include, multi-oxidant (air, oxygen, CO2 and water) fueled catalytic biomass/waste gasification for the generation of hydrogen-enriched syngas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, N2); plasma enhanced syngas cleaning with ca. 99% tar removal; direct syngas-to-NH3 based fertilizer conversion using catalytic plasma with CO2 sequestration and microwave energized packed bed flow reactors with in situ reactive separation; CO2 conversion to CO with BaTiO3−x{#}x or biochar to achieve in situ O2 sequestration leading to higher CO2 conversion, biochar upgrading for agricultural applications; NH3 sequestration with CO2 and urea synthesis. (3) Reactors: Several patented process-intensified novel reactors were described and utilized. They are all based on the Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor (M-RZR) concept and include, a multi-oxidant gasifier, syngas cleaning reactor, NH3 and fertilizer production reactors with in situ NH3 sequestration with mineral acids or CO2. The approach adopted for the design of the critical reactors is to use the critical materials (including natural catalysts and soil additives) in order to enhance intensified H2 and NH3 production. Ultimately, they become an essential part of the S-fertilizer system, providing efficient fertilizer use and enhanced crop yield, especially under water and nutrient stress. These critical processes and reactors are based on a process intensification philosophy where critical materials are utilized in the acceleration of the reactions including NH3 production and carbon dioxide reduction. When compared with the current NH3 production technology (Haber–Bosch process), the proposed technology achieves higher ammonia conversion at much lower temperatures and atmospheric pressure while eliminating the costly NH3 separation process through in situ reactive separation, which results in the production of S-fertilizers or H2 or urea precursor (ammonium carbamate). As such, the cost of NH3-based S-fertilizers can become competitive with small-scale distributed production platforms compared with the Haber–Bosch fertilizers.

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“…This has motivated us to revisit dust density waves in collisional plasma in the presence of a magnetic field. Although laboratory studies have been carried out by different groups on dust density waves (DDW) both in presence [7][8][9][10][11][12] and absence of magnetic fields [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], a detailed theoretical analysis of the effect of magnetic field on the excitation of dust density waves is still missing. The work presented here is expected to enlighten the community about the parameter regimes and conditions favorable for the excitation of dust density waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation characteristics of dust density waves in an external magnetic field

Gogoi

Das

2023

Phys. Scr.

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Propagation of dust density waves (DDW) is theoretically investigated in a collisional plasma in the presence of an external magnetic field. The magnetic field is kept constant in a direction perpendicular to the direction of streaming ions, which is an important requirement for the self-excitation of these waves. Standard stability analysis is done to predict the conditions under which ion-drift instability may drive the DDW unstable. It is found that a minimum dust density is required to excite the wave. There exists a lower cut-off value of ion streaming velocity for the excitation of DDW which may change with the applied magnetic field and neutral gas pressure. The wave is found to behave complexly with the applied magnetic field and gets damped beyond a critical value. The results of this paper may be helpful in understanding the behavior of low-frequency dust modes as well as the background plasma both in laboratory and astrophysical environments.

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Spatiotemporal evolution of a self-excited dust density wave in a nanodusty plasma under strong Havnes effect

Cited by 10 publications

References 86 publications

Decoupling of dust cloud and embedding plasma for high electron depletion in nanodusty plasmas

Decoupling of dust cloud and embedding plasma for high electron depletion in nanodusty plasmas

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Propagation characteristics of dust density waves in an external magnetic field

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