Spatiotemporal distribution and risk assessment of organotins in the surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

Gao, Jianhong; Wu, Lei; Chen, You‐Peng; Zeng, Bin; Guo, Jinsong; Zhang, Ke; Ouyang, Wenbin

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.089

Cited by 51 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that OT pollution is found in various environmental media (such as water, suspended matter, and sediment) in the TGR. The highest concentration of TBT observed in the water column of the TGR thus far is 393.35 ng Sn L −1 [28], and the highest concentration of TPhT is 37.2 ng Sn L −1 [29]; both concentrations are sufficient to pose significant ecological risks to aquatic organisms in the TGR. Thus, OT pollution in the TGR after implementation of the AFS Convention requires further study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For TPhT, concentrations in the water and fish phases fluctuated slightly with water level variations and seasonal changes, but were generally similar regardless of implementation of the AFS Convention. Aside from resuspension of sediment induced by turbulence during the flood season, fluctuations in concentrations of TPhT might be also related to the seasonal application of TPhT pesticides, soil erosion, and surface runoff [27,28]. Notably, the TBT and TPhT concentrations in the sediment phase fluctuated little during the simulation period, although the concentration of TPhT in the sediment phase showed a gradual increase throughout the simulation period.…”

Section: Concentration Variations Of Tbt and Tpht In Different Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate simulation and risk assessment of TBT and TPhT considering water level fluctuations in the TGR before and after AFS Convention implementation in China

Gao

Chen

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

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Background: The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is the largest freshwater reservoir in China. Previous studies showed that organotin pollution is present in the TGR. In June 2011, the AFS Convention went into effect in China. In order to explore the pollution evolution processes of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) before and after implementation of the AFS Convention and their variations with water level fluctuations in the TGR, the characteristic parameters of the TGR and the physicochemical parameters of TBT and TPhT were used to develop a level IV multimedia fugacity model considering water level fluctuations to simulate the fate, transfer, and transport of TBT and TPhT in the TGR. Based on the simulation results, exposure concentrations of TBT and TPhT were then used to assess the ecological and health risks in the TGR region (TGRR). Results:The simulation results showed that the average concentrations of both TBT and TPhT decreased in all compartments except the sediment, whereas the total content of the system continued to increase after the AFS Convention was implemented. The concentration of TBT in the sediment was higher than that in fish, while the concentration of TPhT in fish was much greater than that in the sediment. The total contents of both TBT and TPhT were highest in the sediment phase. In addition, variations in water level of the TGR significantly affected the distribution and transport of TBT and TPhT in the TGR. Conclusions:Sediment is an important source and sink of TBT and TPhT, and the water level regulation of the TGR strengthened the two roles of sediment. Both TBT and TPhT in surface water, but especially TBT, carried significant chronic exposure risks to the aquatic community of the TGR. Intake of TPhT, mainly through eating fish, posed a potential health risk to the population in the TGRR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Concentration Variations Of Tbt and Tpht In Different Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate simulation and risk assessment of TBT and TPhT considering water level fluctuations in the TGR before and after AFS Convention implementation in China

Gao

Chen

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

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“…Organotin compounds are organometallic compounds in which carbons are bonded directly to tin (R n SnX 4-n , where n is between 1 and 4, and R is an alkyl or aryl group) [33]. Organometallic forms of tin have been used as active agents in a wide range of applications in industry, such as stabilizers in the polyvinyl chloride industry, plastic additives production, industrial catalysts, antifouling paints, wood preservatives, and in agriculture as biocide products (insecticides, fungicides, and bactericides) [33][34][35].…”

Section: Tin and Its Organic Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of these organometallic compounds surrounding us has raised a great deal of concern in the past few decades because of their high toxicity to nontarget organisms when leached into different environmental compartments, even at low concentrations [2,23,33]. At these moments, most studies regarding organometallic compounds present in the environment were conducted on aquatic environment.…”

Section: Organomercury Organotin and Organolead And Their "Fingerprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concerning Organometallic Compounds in Environment: Occurrence, Fate, and Impact

Haydee¹,

Dalma²

2017

Recent Progress in Organometallic Chemistry

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Organometallic compounds can be found in our surrounding environmental compartments either because of human extensive activities or their existence as natural products in the environment. Since organometallic species of trace metals were found often more worrying than their parent compounds, intensive research on their properties, pathways of transformation in different environmental compartment as well as their fate and interactions between different environmental compartments (under different external and internal conditions), and not finally their end-up and disposal, has become a requirement from many public health and environmental protection agencies.

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“…However, DBT has been detected in surface water and drinking water at levels of 2 ppb and 53 ng/L . Recently, it is reported that DBT concentrations range from below detection limits (0.38 ng Sn/L) to 23.09 ng Sn/L in the surface water of three Gorges Reservoir Region, China …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dibutyltin depressed immune functions via NF‐κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2017

Environmental Toxicology

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Dibutyltin (DBT) is the degradation products of TBT, which is generally considered higher toxicity than TBT in the immune system. In order to learn more about the mechanisms of immune-toxic of DBT, we exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/L DBT for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, we determined the immune parameters and immune-related genes. The results showed that with an increase in TBT dose, lysozyme activities and IgM, C3, C4 content in intestine, skin and spleen were all significantly inhibited by the DBT exposure. Fish exposed to 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L showed significantly lower lysozyme activities and IgM, C3, C4 content than those of the control group. Zebrafish exposed to 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L DBT, the mRNA transcript levels of interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interferon g2 (INFg2), nuclear factor-jB p65 (NF-kB p65), inhibitor protein-jBa (IjBa), IjB kinases b (IKKb), Janus family of protein tyrosine kinases (JAKs) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription proteins (STATs) all increased with the DBT levels in the intestine and spleen.Those parameters showed significantly higher values in 10 ng/L and 100 ng/L than those of fish in the control group. However, no significant difference was found in IjB kinases a (IKKa) and IjB kinase g (IKKg) mRNA levels in the intestine and spleen. These data imply that DBT might be via suppression on IKKb/IkBa/NF-kBp65 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways to regulate the immunity of zebrafish.cytokines, dibutyltin (DBT), gene expression, immunity, zebrafish | I N TR ODU C TI ONButyltin compounds (BTs) are a group of organometallic contaminants that are used as additives of antifouling paints, biocides, and stabilizers. 1 Due to these applications, BTs enter in a diversity of aquatic systems and causing toxic effects in target and non-target organisms. [2][3][4] Tributyltin (TBT) is the most investigated of BTs because of its use in antifouling formulations and induction of imposex in gastropod. 5 The use of TBT was totally banned globally in antifouling paints from 2008. 5,6 Even with the prohibition of TBT, the polluted sediments could still be a subject of concern since TBT is relative stable and can release the degradation of dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) into water. 5,7 As a major degradation product from TBT, DBT has not been received much attention. However, DBT has been detected in surface water and drinking water at levels of 2 ppb and 53 ng/L. 8 Recently, it is reported that DBT concentrations range from below detection limits (0.38 ng Sn/L) to 23.09 ng Sn/L in the surface water of three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. 9 TBT is generally considered higher toxicity than its degradation product, DBT and MBT, however, with the exception of the immune system, where DBT might have higher toxicity than TBT. 10 It's reported that DBT resulted in a significant decrease at 100 and 200 nM of phagocytotic activity and reduced significantly phagocytic eff...

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Spatiotemporal distribution and risk assessment of organotins in the surface water of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China

Cited by 51 publications

References 39 publications

Fate simulation and risk assessment of TBT and TPhT considering water level fluctuations in the TGR before and after AFS Convention implementation in China

Fate simulation and risk assessment of TBT and TPhT considering water level fluctuations in the TGR before and after AFS Convention implementation in China

Concerning Organometallic Compounds in Environment: Occurrence, Fate, and Impact

Dibutyltin depressed immune functions via NF‐κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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