Spatio-Temporal Variations in Malaria Incidence in Children Less than 10 Years Old, Health District of Sokone, Senegal, 2010–2013

Espié, Emmanuelle; Sarr, Fatoumata Diène; Diop, Fatou; Faye, Joseph; Tall, Adama; Balde, Aissatou Toure

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137737

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In Africa, malaria normally affects all age groups of the population in areas with unstable malaria transmission [33, 35–38]. In this study, the group aged 20–24 and 25–29 years old had the highest number of cases (58 and 50 cases, respectively), and the highest incidence rate was in the group aged 50–54 years (6.4/1.000 habitants).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Spatiotemporal characterisation and risk factor analysis of malaria outbreak in Cabo Verde in 2017

DePina¹,

Andrade²,

Dia³

et al. 2019

Trop Med Health

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BackgroundCabo Verde is a country that has been in the pre-elimination stage of malaria since the year 2000. The country is still reporting cases, particularly in the capital of Praia, where more than 50% of the national population live. This study aims to examine the spatial and temporal epidemiological profile of malaria across the country during the 2017 outbreak and to analyse the risk factors, which may have influenced the trend in malaria cases.MethodsLongitudinal data collected from all malaria cases in Cabo Verde for the year 2017 were used in this study. The epidemiological characteristics of the cases were analysed. Local and spatial clusters of malaria from Praia were detected by applying the Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I) to determine the spatial clustering pattern. We then used the Pearson correlation coefficient to analyse the relationship between malaria cases and meteorological variables to identify underlying drivers.ResultsIn 2017, 446 cases of malaria were reported in Cabo Verde with the peak of cases in October. These cases were primarily Plasmodium falciparum infections. Of these cases, 423 were indigenous infections recorded in Praia, while 23 were imported malaria cases from different African countries. One case of P. vivax infection was imported from Brazil. Spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a cluster of high-high malaria cases in the centre of the city. Malaria case occurrence has a very weak correlation (r = 0.16) with breeding site location. Most of the cases (69.9%, R2 = 0.699) were explained by the local environmental condition, with temperature being the primary risk factor followed by relative humidity. A moderately positive relationship was noted with the total pluviometry, while wind speed had a strong negative influence on malaria infections.ConclusionsIn Cabo Verde, malaria remains a serious public health issue, especially in Praia. The high number of cases recorded in 2017 demonstrates the fragility of the situation and the challenges to eliminating indigenous malaria cases and preventing imported cases. Mosquito breeding sites have been the main risk factor, while temperature and precipitation were positively associated with malaria infection. In light of this study, there is an urgent need to reinforce control strategies to achieve the elimination goal in the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Spatiotemporal characterisation and risk factor analysis of malaria outbreak in Cabo Verde in 2017

DePina¹,

Andrade²,

Dia³

et al. 2019

Trop Med Health

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“…Malaria has been classified as the fifth of the six major diseases in the country, which is likely related to few malaria cases recorded in the country, between 2010 and 2016 compared to other countries in the sub-region [6,7,[22][23][24][25]. Therefore, the Cape Verdean population, excepted in the islands of Santiago and Boavista, are less in contact with malaria in their daily lives, thus losing their knowledge about malaria.…”

Section: Knowledge About Malariamentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices about malaria in Cabo Verde: a country in the pre-elimination context

DePina¹,

Dia²,

Martins³

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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Background: Malaria in Cape Verde is unstable, with a sporadic and seasonal transmission of low endemicity. In this sense, the community perceptions regarding malaria transmission, their attitudes and practices against the disease are very important to understand and to better develop the best strategical policies to achieve malaria elimination goal. This study aim to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Cape Verdean population about malaria, a country in the elimination step of disease. Methods: A cross-sectional malaria KAP Survey was performed at the household level. A structured open questionnaire was developed and applied to residents of randomly selected households from 5 islands and 15 municipalities in Cape Verde. Correlation analyses were performed using a logistic regression model to determine the factors that are associated with the complete knowledge of the population about malaria. Results: A total of 1953 fully completed questionnaires were analysed, with majority of questionnaires administered in Santiago island (68.3%), mainly in the capital city of Praia, 38.43%. About 88% of the population knew the correct form of transmission, 96% had knowledge that the entire population is at risk of malaria and identified the main symptoms. Regarding the attitudes, 58% seek treatment atthe nearest health structure upon the apparition of the symptoms, 64% in the first 24 h and 88% within the first 48 h. More than 97% have heard about mosquito nets but only 19% used it. In practice, 53% use coils, 45% rely on household sprays and 43% have benefited from IRS. About 90% received information about malaria from media, mainly the TV and the radio (83 and 43%, respectively). In summary, 54% of the population has complete knowledge of the disease. Conclusion: The population of Cape Verde has a high level of knowledge about malaria, including its transmission, main symptoms and preventive and control measures. However, some gaps and misunderstandings have been noticed and contribute to the insufficient community involvement in actions against malaria. Therefore, is necessary to increase the knowledge of the population, leading to their full ownership and participation in community actions to contribute to the malaria elimination in the country.

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“…Lastly, while the spatial pattern of malaria transmission is known to vary depending on local conditions, its temporal evolution has yet to be evaluated. Studies have shown that even at a very local scale, Anopheles density and malaria incidence are heterogeneous and associated with spatial and temporal hotspots [ 8 , 13 , 14 ]. Consequently, hotspots should be thoroughly investigated to allow for the development of targeted control strategies [ 8 , 15 – 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal dynamic of malaria in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2011–2015

Ouédraogo

Inoue

Kambiré

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundGiven the scarcity of resources in developing countries, malaria treatment requires new strategies that target specific populations, time periods and geographical areas. While the spatial pattern of malaria transmission is known to vary depending on local conditions, its temporal evolution has yet to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the spatio-temporal dynamic of malaria in the central region of Burkina Faso, taking into account meteorological factors.MethodsDrawing on national databases, 101 health areas were studied from 2011 to 2015, together with weekly meteorological data (temperature, number of rain events, rainfall, humidity, wind speed). Meteorological factors were investigated using a principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensions and avoid collinearities. The Box–Jenkins ARIMA model was used to test the stationarity of the time series. The impact of meteorological factors on malaria incidence was measured with a general additive model. A change-point analysis was performed to detect malaria transmission periods. For each transmission period, malaria incidence was mapped and hotspots were identified using spatial cluster detection.ResultsMalaria incidence never went below 13.7 cases/10,000 person-weeks. The first and second PCA components (constituted by rain/humidity and temperatures, respectively) were correlated with malaria incidence with a lag of 2 weeks. The impact of temperature was significantly non-linear: malaria incidence increased with temperature but declined sharply with high temperature. A significant positive linear trend was found for the entire time period. Three transmission periods were detected: low (16.8–29.9 cases/10,000 person-weeks), high (51.7–84.8 cases/10,000 person-weeks), and intermediate (26.7–32.2 cases/10,000 person-weeks). The location of clusters identified as high risk varied little across transmission periods.ConclusionThis study highlighted the spatial variability and relative temporal stability of malaria incidence around the capital Ouagadougou, in the central region of Burkina Faso. Despite increasing efforts in fighting the disease, malaria incidence remained high and increased over the period of study. Hotspots, particularly those detected for low transmission periods, should be investigated further to uncover the local environmental and behavioural factors of transmission, and hence to allow for the development of better targeted control strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2280-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Spatio-Temporal Variations in Malaria Incidence in Children Less than 10 Years Old, Health District of Sokone, Senegal, 2010–2013

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Spatiotemporal characterisation and risk factor analysis of malaria outbreak in Cabo Verde in 2017

Spatiotemporal characterisation and risk factor analysis of malaria outbreak in Cabo Verde in 2017

Knowledge, attitudes and practices about malaria in Cabo Verde: a country in the pre-elimination context

Spatio-temporal dynamic of malaria in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 2011–2015

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