Spatio-temporal variation of WQI, scaling and corrosion indices, and principal component analysis in rural areas of Marand, Iran

Sheikhi, Samira; Shahbazi, Hossein; Mosaferi, Mohammad; Firuzi, Parisa; Aslani, Hassan

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100480

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…), but few of them reported that they directly used the formula for water quality assessment (CCMEWQI) [20]. Furthermore, the WQI method has been applied for different purposes, but mainly for surface water quality (especially for river water) [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], groundwater quality [1,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36], and wetland [37][38][39][40][41][42] across the world. Moreover, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the Republic of Serbia also utilizes WQI to inform about the overall status of the river water system [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of the Water Quality Index (WQI) Process for Simple Calculation Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Method: A Review

Akhtar

Ishak

Ahmad

et al. 2021

Water

151

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Human activities continue to affect our water quality; it remains a major problem worldwide (particularly concerning freshwater and human consumption). A critical water quality index (WQI) method has been used to determine the overall water quality status of surface water and groundwater systems globally since the 1960s. WQI follows four steps: parameter selection, sub-indices, establishing weights, and final index aggregation, which are addressed in this review. However, the WQI method is a prolonged process and applied to specific water quality parameters, i.e., water consumption (particular area and time) and other purposes. Therefore, this review discusses the WQI method in simple steps, for water quality assessment, based on two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods: (1) analytical hierarchical process (AHP); and (2) measuring attractiveness by a categorically based evaluation technique (MACBETH). MCDM methods can facilitate easy calculations, with less effort and great accuracy. Moreover, the uncertainty and eclipsing problems are also discussed—a challenge at every step of WQI development, particularly for parameter selection and establishing weights. This review will help provide water management authorities with useful knowledge pertaining to water usage or modification of existing indicators globally, and contribute to future WQI planning and studies for drinking, irrigation, domestic, and industrial purposes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of the Water Quality Index (WQI) Process for Simple Calculation Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Method: A Review

Akhtar

Ishak

Ahmad

et al. 2021

Water

151

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show abstract

“…The climate of Kabul is defined as a continental, cold semi-arid climate according to Peel et al (2007) with approximately 300 mm average annual rainfall and evapotranspiration at 1600 mm, annually. Low rainfall, combined with a high evaporation rate, has a significant impact on groundwater storage and water quality, as well as community health (Sheikhi et al 2020). Furthermore, multi-model ensemble precipitation projections for Kabul province by World Bank (2021) suggest little to no increase in the near future and an increase in the far future under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SPP) 2-4.5, relative to the baseline period 1995-2014.…”

Section: Study Area and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WQI was used to assess the trend and suitability of shallow groundwater quality for drinking purposes in the study area, Kabul city. The classification of the type of water according to the WQI is presented in Table 3, following the work of Sheikhi et al (2020) and Vasanthavigar et al (2010). The quality of water in shallow aquifers of Kabul city has significantly deteriorated between 2007 and 2020, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Water Quality Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial estimation of groundwater quality, hydrogeochemical investigation, and health impacts of shallow groundwater in Kabul city, Afghanistan

Hamidi

Kissane²,

Bogush

et al. 2022

Sustain. Water Resour. Manag.

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The management of groundwater in densely populated areas with no centralized water treatment is critical for the prevention of diseases and maintaining sanitation. Here, we determine the bacteriological and chemical characteristics of groundwater in Kabul city, a resource that 4.1 million individuals rely on. Groundwater samples were analyzed from 41 newly established piezometric wells across Kabul, and data were compared with the last detailed study, undertaken in 2007, to understand contamination trends in an area that has undergone significant development and social changes. Piper diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, correlation analysis, and bivariate plots examine the hydrogeochemical and natural occurring processes of groundwater. The average concentration of cations followed the order Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+, and anions HCO3− > NO3− > Cl− > SO42− > F with Gibbs diagrams indicating mainly rock-weathering influence groundwater chemistry. An increase in nitrate (NO3−) and E. coli indicates anthropogenic activities impacting the shallow groundwater quality, with significantly elevated nitrate (over 50 mg/L) and E. coli (up to 250 CFU/100 mL). The increasing presence of E. coli and NO3− in the shallow groundwater of Kabul city in turn suggests problematic links to the prevalence of waterborne diseases. Additionally, the water quality index (WQI) was used to assess groundwater quality, and rank its suitability for drinking purposes. The WQI analysis showed that less than 35% of shallow groundwater samples had good water quality. The findings of this study are crucial for the development and sustainable management of groundwater in the city. In short term, we propose interventions such as point-of-use (POU) water purification which may offer temporary respite for waterborne disease prevention. Kabul city requires immediate attention to developing sustainable groundwater management policies, expansion of the water supply network, groundwater quality monitoring, and wastewater management.

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Evaluation of sustainable groundwater utilization using index methods (WQI and IWQI), multivariate analysis, and GIS: the case of Akşehir District (Konya/Turkey)

Şener

Varol

Şener

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Spatio-temporal variation of WQI, scaling and corrosion indices, and principal component analysis in rural areas of Marand, Iran

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Modification of the Water Quality Index (WQI) Process for Simple Calculation Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Method: A Review

Modification of the Water Quality Index (WQI) Process for Simple Calculation Using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) Method: A Review

Spatial estimation of groundwater quality, hydrogeochemical investigation, and health impacts of shallow groundwater in Kabul city, Afghanistan

Evaluation of sustainable groundwater utilization using index methods (WQI and IWQI), multivariate analysis, and GIS: the case of Akşehir District (Konya/Turkey)

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