Spatio-temporal variation of environmental signals inducing seed germination in temperate conifer plantations and natural hardwood forests in northern Japan

Seiwa, Kenji; Ando, Mariko; Imaji, Aya; Tomita, Mizuki; Kanou, Kenich

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.002

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In addition, it was found that light and subsequent temperature signals in early spring prior to leaf expansion were also higher or nearly identical to those in the gaps (Seiwa et al, 2009). In natural habitats, and from leafless period to leaf period, the shading elements shifted from tree trunks and branches to the dynamics of leaves within the canopy, which induced variations of light intensity (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD) and quality (Red/Far red light ratio, R/FR) (Griffith et al, 2005;Seiwa et al, 2009). In leafless forests (before leaf expansion), light quality does not change a great deal; thus, the light intensity may be more important in influencing seed germination.…”

Section: Seed Germination Of Pinus Koraiensismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, temperature, moisture and other site conditions always vary with alterations of incident light quantity and intensity, which in turn, depend on canopy openness (Rincón and Huante, 1993;Pearson et al, 2002). In addition, it was found that light and subsequent temperature signals in early spring prior to leaf expansion were also higher or nearly identical to those in the gaps (Seiwa et al, 2009). In natural habitats, and from leafless period to leaf period, the shading elements shifted from tree trunks and branches to the dynamics of leaves within the canopy, which induced variations of light intensity (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD) and quality (Red/Far red light ratio, R/FR) (Griffith et al, 2005;Seiwa et al, 2009).…”

Section: Seed Germination Of Pinus Koraiensismentioning

confidence: 97%

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Seed germination of Pinus koraiensis in response to light regimes caused by shading and seed positions

2012

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Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. (Korean pine), the dominant tree species in the mixed broadleaved Korean pine forests (regional climax), is severely restricted by its regeneration failure. To determine the effects of light regimes on P. koraiensis regeneration, the seed germination process was examined in shade houses and forest stands (before and after leaf expansion) with various light levels created by shading and seed positions. Despite the large size of P. koraiensis seeds (500-600 mg), both light intensity and quality significantly affected the germination percentage in both shade houses and forests. Substantial changes in light intensity and quality led the majority of seeds (80%) to germinate in leafless forests and shade houses, while only a minority (≤ 20%) germinated after leaf expansion in the forests. Moreover, seed germination in shade houses and leafless forests exhibited similar patterns; they consistently reached a 70% shading degree, which was optimal for the seed germination of P. koraiensis on topsoil. Seed positioning significantly affected germination for each shading degree, especially when litter and soil coverings drastically inhibited germination. In conclusion, (1) when seeds were not stressed by temperature and moisture, light irradiance played a critical role in the seed germination of P. koraiensis; (2) seed positioning, in relation to alterations in light intensity and quality, affected the germination of P. koraiensis; (3) a shade house experiment using neutral cloth provided an applicable and controllable way to monitor the P. koraiensis seed germination in early spring before leaf expansion. The light requirement for the germination of P. koraiensis played a key role in the regeneration of P. koraiensis throughout the temperate secondary forests.

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Section: Seed Germination Of Pinus Koraiensismentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Seed Germination Of Pinus Koraiensismentioning

confidence: 97%

Seed germination of Pinus koraiensis in response to light regimes caused by shading and seed positions

2012

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“…Typically in forestry, germination studies have been conducted under controlled conditions to 'untangle' species dormancy trends (Skordilis and Thanos 1995;Nomiya 2010;Cook et al 2008;Cooke et al 2002), to shed light on optimum temperature and humidity conditions (Lippai et al 1996;Cochard and Jackes 2005;Magini 1955), to investigate the influence of light on the process (Silveira et al 2004;Honda and Katoh 2007;Seiwa et al 2009), to determine germination facilitation after fire (Baeza and Roy 2008;De Luis et al 2008;Ooi 2010) or to explore germination responses to topsoil conditions (Puerta-Piñero et al 2006). Among the few studies carried out either partially or completely through field trials, only general climate comparisons (Ordóñez et al 2004;Meyer and Pendleton 2005), particular climatic events (Ruano et al 2009) and understory composition (Keyes et al 2009) have been evaluated in relation to germination.…”

Section: Original Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Pardos et al (2010) concluded that this variable did not influence other physiological processes under current regeneration stand densities. Interestingly, Seiwa et al (2009) stated that large-seeded, non-pioneer species exhibit little sensitivity to potential germination enhancement signals, probably due to the greater amount of metabolic reserves in larger seeds, which allows a wider range of conditions for germination (Westoby et al 1992). This supports the findings of this study and the idea of light-independent germination in the species.…”

Section: Ecological and Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A silviculture-oriented spatio-temporal model for germination in Pinus pinea L. in the Spanish Northern Plateau based on a direct seeding experiment

Manso

Calama²,

Madrigal³

et al. 2013

Eur J Forest Res

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Natural regeneration in Pinus pinea stands commonly fails throughout the Spanish Northern Plateau under current intensive regeneration treatments. As a result, extensive direct seeding is commonly conducted to guarantee regeneration occurrence. In a period of rationalization of the resources devoted to forest management, this kind of techniques may become unaffordable. Given that the climatic and stand factors driving germination remain unknown, tools are required to understand the process and temper the use of direct seeding. In this study, the spatio-temporal pattern of germination of P. pinea was modelled with those purposes. The resulting findings will allow us to (1) determine the main ecological variables involved in germination in the species and (2) infer adequate silvicultural alternatives. The modelling approach focuses on covariates which are readily available to forest managers. A two-step nonlinear mixed model was fitted to predict germination occurrence and abundance in P. pinea under varying climatic, environmental and stand conditions, based on a germination data set covering a 5-year period. The results obtained reveal that the process is primarily driven by climate variables. Favourable conditions for germination commonly occur in fall although the optimum window is often narrow and may not occur at all in some years. At spatial level, it would appear that germination is facilitated by high stand densities, suggesting that current felling intensity should be reduced. In accordance with other studies on P. pinea dispersal, it seems that denser stands during the regeneration period will reduce the present dependence on direct seeding.

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“…Soil seed banks can also contribute to the recovery of vegetation after clearcutting or thinning plantations. For example, high red: far-red light ratios and/or the large temperature fluctuations associated with thinning in C. japonica plantations markedly increased seed germination in the understory [56]. However, since the number of late-successional species in the soil seed bank of C. obtusa plantations is low in southwestern Japan, their contribution to the recovery of natural vegetation was also low [57].…”

Section: Studies On Plant Species Diversity and Species Richness In Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Plant Species Diversity in Managed Forests in Japan

Nagaike¹

2012

ISRN Forestry

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The effects of conifer plantation management and forest fragmentation on plant species diversity in Japan were reviewed. While most studies have demonstrated that the practice of thinning in coniferous plantations can enhance species diversity of naturally regenerated trees, such as broad-leaved trees, some have shown that thinning reduces plant species diversity through the direct physical disturbance to forests. In addition, plant species diversity in plantations has also been shown to be dependent on the distance from seed sources. Extensive forest fragmentation due to land use changes has occurred, particularly in forests near urban and suburban areas. Although the number of species per unit area in abandoned coppice forests is not clearly related to the extent of forest fragmentation, most species attributes (such as rare species) are negatively influenced by forest fragmentation. Some of the forests owned by shrines and temples in urban areas are similar to island forests and are relatively well protected from human disturbance. To more clearly understand and evaluate changes in biodiversity through forest management, elucidating the interactions between management and plant species diversity, species composition, and the ecological traits of various species is therefore necessary.

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Spatio-temporal variation of environmental signals inducing seed germination in temperate conifer plantations and natural hardwood forests in northern Japan

Cited by 34 publications

References 50 publications

Seed germination of Pinus koraiensis in response to light regimes caused by shading and seed positions

Seed germination of Pinus koraiensis in response to light regimes caused by shading and seed positions

A silviculture-oriented spatio-temporal model for germination in Pinus pinea L. in the Spanish Northern Plateau based on a direct seeding experiment

Review of Plant Species Diversity in Managed Forests in Japan

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