Understanding the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of meteorological droughts holds significant value for assessing disaster risk. This study analyzes the temporal and spatial features of drought in Shanxi Province from 1960 to 2022, based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index. Mutation and trend analyses, were employed for this purpose. We also utilized correlation analyses to explore the relationship between meteorological drought and atmospheric circulation. The results show that: (1) Drought in Shanxi Province shows a clear trend of enhancement on both the annual scale and the seasonal scale. The time of drought mutation is predominantly concentrated in the 1970s and 1980s. (2) Droughts in the southern region depict an amplifying trend during the autumn, while those in the northern region exhibit an intensifying trend during all other seasons and on an annual scale. (3) Droughts in the summer and winter have a higher degree of correlation with the circulation index than those in the spring and autumn.