Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Deforestation, Settlement, and Land Use on Easter Island Prior to European Arrivals

Steiglechner, Peter; Merico, Agostino

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91127-0_16

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Based on extensive field surveys, the first estimations yielded a surface of nearly 80 km 2 of mulching area, approximately half of the island surface, during a period between about 1460 and 1860 CE [85]. The proliferation of gardening cultivation on newly deforested terrains during the development of the ancient Rapanui culture was modeled by Steiglechner & Merico [86] using multiproxy evidence (Figure 11). In addition to sweet potato, the main plants cultivated by the ancient Rapanui were "yam" (Dioscorea alata; Dioscoreaceae), "ipu kaha" or bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria; Cucurbitaceae), "taro" (Colocasia esculenta; Araceae), "ti" (Cordyline fruticosa; Asparagaceae), "mahute" or paper mulberry (Broussonetia papirifera; Moraceae) and "maika" or banana (Musa sp.…”

Section: Rapa Nuimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Settlement and Landscape Anthropization of Remote Oceanic Islands: A Comparison between Rapa Nui (Pacific Ocean) and the Azores (Atlantic Ocean)

Rull

2023

Plants

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The flora and vegetation of oceanic islands have been deeply affected by human settlement and further landscape modifications during prehistoric and historical times. The study of these transformations is of interest not only for understanding how current island biotas and ecological communities have been shaped but also for informing biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. This paper compares two oceanic insular entities of disparate geographical, environmental, biological, historical and cultural characteristics—Rapa Nui (Pacific Ocean) and the Azores Islands (Atlantic Ocean)—in terms of human settlement and further landscape anthropization. The similarities and differences between these islands/archipelagos are discussed considering their permanent colonization, the possibility of earlier settlements, the removal of the original forests and the further landscape transformations leading to either full floristic/vegetational degradation (Rapa Nui) or major replacement (Azores). This comparison uses evidence from varied disciplines, notably paleoecology, archaeology, anthropology and history, to obtain a holistic view of the development of the respective socioecological systems from a human ecodynamic perspective. The most relevant issues still to be resolved are identified and some prospects for future research are suggested. The cases of Rapa Nui and Azores Islands may help set a conceptual basis for ocean-wide global comparisons among oceanic islands/archipelagos.

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Section: Rapa Nuimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The color of dots is the resource preference, in percentage of trees vs. gardens, ranging from 20% (pink) to 80% (blue). Modified from Ref [86]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Settlement and Landscape Anthropization of Remote Oceanic Islands: A Comparison between Rapa Nui (Pacific Ocean) and the Azores (Atlantic Ocean)

Rull

2023

Plants

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“…The role of biases in opinion formation has been studied extensively and is typically associated with impeding the convergence of opinions [although, under certain conditions, biases may have the opposite effect, e.g. 6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise and opinion dynamics: How ambiguity promotes pro-majority consensus in the presence of confirmation bias

Steiglechner¹,

Keijzer²,

Smaldino³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Opinion patterns are affected by cognitive biases and noise. While mathematical models have focused extensively on biases, we still know surprisingly little about how different types of noise shape opinion patterns. Here, we use an agent-based opinion dynamics model to investigate the interplay between confirmation bias — represented as bounded confidence — and different types of noise, including a new type: ambiguity noise. While the types of noise considered in the past acted on the agents either before, after, or independent of social interaction, ambiguity noise acts on communicated messages, assuming that the expression of opinions is inherently noisy. We find that noise can induce agreement when the confirmation bias is moderate, but different types of noise lead to quite different conditions for this effect to occur. An application of our model to the climate change debate shows that at just the right mix of confirmation bias and ambiguity noise, opinions tend to converge to a high level of climate change concern. This result is not observed in the absence of noise or with the other types of noise. Our findings highlight the importance of considering and distinguishing between the various types of noise affecting opinion formation and the special role played by ambiguity.

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Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Deforestation, Settlement, and Land Use on Easter Island Prior to European Arrivals

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Human Settlement and Landscape Anthropization of Remote Oceanic Islands: A Comparison between Rapa Nui (Pacific Ocean) and the Azores (Atlantic Ocean)

Human Settlement and Landscape Anthropization of Remote Oceanic Islands: A Comparison between Rapa Nui (Pacific Ocean) and the Azores (Atlantic Ocean)

Noise and opinion dynamics: How ambiguity promotes pro-majority consensus in the presence of confirmation bias

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