Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Foraging Networks in the Grass-Cutting Ant Atta bisphaerica Forel, 1908 (Formicidae, Attini)

Abstract

Foraging networks are a key element for ant colonies because they facilitate the flow of resources from the environment to the nest and they allow the sharing of information among individuals. Here we report the results of an 8-month survey, extending from November 2009 to June 2010, of the foraging networks of four mature colonies of Atta bisphaerica, a species of grass-cutting ant which is considered as a pest in Brazil. We found that the distribution of foraging effort was strongly influenced by the landscape features around the nests, in particular by the permanently wet parts of the pasture in which the nests were located. The foraging networks consisted of underground tunnels which opened on average at 21.5m from the nests and of above-ground physical trails that reached on average 4.70m in length. The use of the foraging networks was highly dynamic, with few sections of the networks used for long periods of time. Three different phases, which could be linked to the seasonal change in the local rainfall regime, could be identified in the construction and use of the foraging networks. The first phase corresponded to the beginning of the rainy season and was characterized by a low foraging activity, as well as a low excavation and physical trail construction effort. The second phase, which began in February and extended up to the end of the humid season at the end of March, was characterized by an intense excavation and trail construction effort, resulting in an expansion of the foraging networks. Finally, in the third phase, which corresponded to the beginning of the dry season, the excavation and trail construction effort leveled off or decreased while foraging activity kept increasing. Our hypothesis is that ants could benefit from the underground tunnels and physical trails built during the humid season to maintain their foraging activity at a high level.

Remote Sensing to Detect Nests of the Leaf-Cutting Ant Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Teak Plantations

“…A 90 meter buffer was generated from the geographic coordinates around each leaf-cutting ant nest in T. grandis stands using the QGIS software [31]. This distance guaranteed the generation of points or pixels without interference from other leaf-cutting ant nests mapped in the T. grandis stands [32]. Random points, in locations not covered by the buffers generated, were allocated and considered to be sites without the presence of leaf-cutting ant nests in order to allow balanced statistical analyses of the data.…”

Plasticidade Do Comportamento De Forrageamento Em Formigas Cortadeiras

“…Normalmente essas trilhas são limpas de detritos ou obstáculos, e podem ser parcialmente subterrâneas, além de serem defendidas como parte do território (Fowler 1985, Silva 2012. As formigas constroem os túneis subterrâneos e trihas físicas principalmente na estação úmida para manter a atividade de forrageamento em um nível elevado na estação seca (Lopes et al 2016).…”

Longitudinal Study of Foraging Networks in the Grass-Cutting Ant Atta capiguara Gonçalves, 1944

“…As for the persistence of the physical trails, it can vary according to the type of resource collected. For example, in the grass-cutting ant Atta bisphaerica (Forel) which exploits small and ephemeral patches of grass, most physical trails last only a few days (Lopes et al 2016). On the other hand, when the resources are stable or regularly renewed, e.g., colonies of Homoptera producing honeydew exploited by red wood ants or plants that are regularly defoliated by leaf-cutting ants, physical trails are generally highly persistent and the geometry of the trail networks shows little change for long periods of time (Chauvin 1962, Rockwood and Hubbell 1987, Kost et al 2005.…”