Spatio-temporal dynamics and biogeochemical properties of green seawater discolorations caused by the marine dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum along southern Brittany coast

Red tides in the Galician rías: historical overview, ecological impact, and future monitoring strategies

“…However, a careful examination of their results, with a detailed morphological characterisation and the remark of an unusual emerald-green colour, agrees with those in recent reports of Lepidodinium chlorophorum from, e.g., the Bay of Biscay. 76 In some inner areas of the Galician Rías, freshwater discharges at the head of these embayments promote recurrent dinoagellate blooms. That was the case with brown water discolourations by the estuary of the Miñor River (that ows into Baiona Bay, Ría de Vigo), caused by Kryptoperidinium triquetrum 77 Nowadays, predominant red tides appear to be those of the dinoagellate N. scintillans and the ciliate Mesodinium, mainly in spring and summer months (Fig.…”

Mucus-Trap-Assisted Feeding Is a Common Strategy of the Small Mixoplanktonic Prorocentrum pervagatum and P. cordatum (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae)

“…Mucus production by dinoflagellates is not uncommon, with many species such as Gonyaulax hyalina [44], G. fragilis [45], and Lepidodinium chlorophorum [46] known to develop gelatinous planktonic blooms [47]. Mucoid material may be extruded via extrusomes, of which there are two different basic types-trichocysts and mucocysts [48].…”

When phytoplankton do not bloom: the case of the dinoflagellate Lepidodinium chlorophorum in southern Brittany (France) assessed by environmental DNA

“…The capacity of this unarmoured dinoflagellate (Elbrächter and Schnepf, 1996;Hansen et al, 2007) to form green seawater discolorations is due to the presence of green-coloured plastids (Matsumoto et al, 2011) inherited from secondary endosymbiosis with a chlorophyte (Kamikawa et al, 2015;Gavalás-Olea et al, 2016;Jackson et al, 2018). Blooms of L. chlorophorum are widely distributed in coastal waters: in Chile (Iriarte et al, 2005;Rodríguez-Benito et al, 2020), California (Gárate-Lizárraga et al, 2014), Australia (McCarthy, 2013), as well as in Europe (Honsell and Talarico, 2004;Sourisseau et al, 2016;Siano et al, 2020, Serre-Fredj et al, 2021Roux et al, 2022). Along the French Atlantic coast, blooms of this species are mainly observed during summer (Karasiewicz et al, 2020;Siano et al, 2020;Roux et al, 2022).…”

“…Blooms of L. chlorophorum are widely distributed in coastal waters: in Chile (Iriarte et al, 2005;Rodríguez-Benito et al, 2020), California (Gárate-Lizárraga et al, 2014), Australia (McCarthy, 2013), as well as in Europe (Honsell and Talarico, 2004;Sourisseau et al, 2016;Siano et al, 2020, Serre-Fredj et al, 2021Roux et al, 2022). Along the French Atlantic coast, blooms of this species are mainly observed during summer (Karasiewicz et al, 2020;Siano et al, 2020;Roux et al, 2022).…”

“…The water column stratification and river inputs could favour the development of the bloom (Sourisseau et al, 2016). Blooms can last for more than a month (Siano et al, 2020), presumably sustained by the bacterial remineralisation of the organic matter and especially the transparent exo-polymer particles (TEP) that are highly produced by this dinoflagellate in situ (Roux et al, 2022). Long-lasting blooms may cause hypoxia, likely contributing to mass mortalities of fish and cultivated bivalves (Sournia et al, 1992;Chapelle et al, 1994;Siano et al, 2020;Roux et al, 2022).…”