Spatio‐temporal distribution of vertically transmitted dengue viruses by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Arroyo Naranjo, Havana, Cuba

Abstract

Objective To study the distribution of vertical transmission of dengue viruses in field‐collected Aedes aegypti larvae in the municipality of Arroyo Naranjo in Havana, Cuba. Methods Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae were collected monthly between September 2013 and July 2014 in the seven Municipal Health Areas of Arroyo Naranjo. Pools formed of 30–55 larvae were examined through PCR and sequencing to detect the presence of each serotype. Results We analysed 111 pools of larvae and pupae (4102 individuals) of which 37 tested positive for at least one DENV. More than one DENV type was observed in 10 of the 37 positive pools. Infected pools were detected every month, except in January, suggesting a sustained circulation of DENV in the vector populations. DENV‐1 and DENV‐3 were the most frequent and dispersed, though all four DENV types were detected. Nucleotide sequencing from positive pools confirmed RT‐PCR results for DENV‐1 (genotype V), DENV‐3 (genotype III) and DENV‐4 (genotype II). DENV‐2 was detected by RT‐PCR but could not be confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Conclusion Our study of the distribution of natural vertical transmission of dengue virus types highlights extrinsic virus activity patterns in the area and could be used as a new surveillance tool.

Circulating dengue virus serotypes and vertical transmission in Aedes larvae during outbreak and inter-outbreak seasons in a high dengue risk area of Sri Lanka

“…Although this has not been shown in DENV-infected larvae, it likely occurs these larvae as well. Larvae are easier, safer and cheaper to sample than adult mosquitoes and thus sampling and identifying the premature stages are more efficient in terms of the early detection of viral presence [ 42 ]. Eliminating vertically infected larvae from the endemic areas by monitoring the infection rates in larvae may be used as a novel strategy to control dengue in high-risk areas [ 43 ].…”

“…As VT facilitates the sustainability and co-circulation of DENV serotypes in high-risk areas, high frequencies of VT could be both a source and a consequence of DENV persistence [ 42 ]. Changes noted in the predominant DENV serotypes in the study area might be due to the simultaneous co-circulation of multiple DENV serotypes.…”

Potential Way to Develop Dengue Virus Detection in Aedes Larvae as an Alternative for Dengue Active Surveillance: A Literature Review

“…DENV detection was demonstrated in all three studies when testing larvae derived from laboratory-infected mosquitoes for virus detection. DENV also could be detected from filed-caught larvae in most studies (22/26) using various methods [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Twenty-six studies used pooled immature specimens when detecting dengue virus.…”

Identification of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) Species and Arboviruses Circulating in Arauca, Eastern Colombia

“…DENV-1 was the arbovirus with the highest frequency in the population of infected individuals at 82% (50/61) and the overall infection rate in A. aegypti and A. albopictus was 29.6% (50/169) ( Table 2). The DENV-1 serotype has also been detected more frequently than other arboviruses in Indonesia, Mexico, Cuba, Brazil, and Colombia (Velandia-Romero et al, 2017;Eiras et al, 2018;Garcia-Rejon et al, 2018;Gutiérrez-Bugallo et al, 2018;Rahayu et al, 2019). The high frequency of this arbovirus may be because the transmission in the urban cycle of DENV is provided by the level of viremia of the hosts (humans) since individuals at the beginning of infection have high rates of viremia (Duong et al, 2015;Martínez-Vega et al, 2015).…”