Spatio-temporal analysis of tuberculosis in Sungai Tabuk District, South Kalimantan, 2020-2021

Abstract

Respiratory TB is a chronic infectious disease that is still a global public health problem. One of the efforts in anticipating the threat of an explosion of tuberculosis cases is to prioritize surveillance through spatial analysis to detect clustering of cases. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to describe the spatial distribution and identify areas where tuberculosis clustering is likely to occur so that it can be a source of information for policymakers in the health sector in implementing tuberculosis control program activities. This study aims to identify spatiotemporal clusters of Respiratory TB cases in Sungai Tabuk district from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021. This study is a spatiotemporal retrospective study conducted in Sungai Tabuk District using data on Respiratory TB case reports obtained from the surveillance data of the Banjar District Health Office from 2020 to 2021. This study used the Poisson model with the help of the SaTScan v10.1 application and visualization of cluster patterns using the Quantum GIS 3.28 application. This study found that there are 2 clusters of Respiratory TB in Sungai Tabuk district. The cluster in 2020 during January-April showed significant results (RR = 6.78, P-value = 0.0001) with the cluster center located in Sungai Tabuk Keramat Village and a cluster radius of 7.2 km from the center point. Meanwhile, the cluster in 2021 was not significant (RR=5.03, P-value=0.141). Factors affecting TB clusters in Sungai Tabuk district are sociodemographic factors and environmental factors. Local governments can increase case-finding efforts and increase health promotion related to Respiratory TB disease, healthy homes, and clean and healthy living behaviors in areas and communities located in risky locations.