Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Spatial Accessibility to Primary Health Care in Bhutan

Jamtsho, Sonam; Corner, Robert; Dewan, Ashraf

doi:10.3390/ijgi4031584

Cited by 81 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other methods using FCA approach are also available to measure geographic accessibility to healthcare services [62–67]. An in-depth review of the accessibility methods those are build on the FCA model can be found here [68, 69]. In short, there are two significant improvements to the original 2SFCA method that was introduced by Luo and Wang (36): 1) account for distance-decay within a catchment [57, 70] and 2) usage of variable catchment sizes [70, 71].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Accessibility to Health Care Services: Identifying under-Serviced Neighbourhoods in Canadian Urban Areas

2016

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BackgroundUrban environments can influence many aspects of health and well-being and access to health care is one of them. Access to primary health care (PHC) in urban settings is a pressing research and policy issue in Canada. Most research on access to healthcare is focused on national and provincial levels in Canada; there is a need to advance current understanding to local scales such as neighbourhoods.MethodsThis study examines spatial accessibility to family physicians using the Three-Step Floating Catchment Area (3SFCA) method to identify neighbourhoods with poor geographical access to PHC services and their spatial patterning across 14 Canadian urban settings. An index of spatial access to PHC services, representing an accessibility score (physicians-per-1000 population), was calculated for neighborhoods using a 3km road network distance. Information about primary health care providers (this definition does not include mobile services such as health buses or nurse practitioners or less distributed services such as emergency rooms) used in this research was gathered from publicly available and routinely updated sources (i.e. provincial colleges of physicians and surgeons). An integrated geocoding approach was used to establish PHC locations.ResultsThe results found that the three methods, Simple Ratio, Neighbourhood Simple Ratio, and 3SFCA that produce City level access scores are positively correlated with each other. Comparative analyses were performed both within and across urban settings to examine disparities in distributions of PHC services. It is found that neighbourhoods with poor accessibility scores in the main urban settings across Canada have further disadvantages in relation to population high health care needs.ConclusionsThe results of this study show substantial variations in geographical accessibility to PHC services both within and among urban areas. This research enhances our understanding of spatial accessibility to health care services at the neighbourhood level. In particular, the results show that the low access neighbourhoods tend to be clustered in the neighbourhoods at the urban periphery and immediately surrounding the downtown area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Accessibility to Health Care Services: Identifying under-Serviced Neighbourhoods in Canadian Urban Areas

2016

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“…The spatial accessibility indicated that 205 sub-districts show great disparities in health care access throughout the country. The research in Bhutan indicates that in 2013, 24% of Bhutan's populations had poor access to primary health care service, 66% had medium-level access, and only 10% had good access [Jamtsho et al, 2015].…”

Section: Environmental Exposure Risk Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Mapping Applied to Low Birth Weight Incidence , Indonesia

Donal

Hartono

Hakimi

et al. 2018

IJG

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The etiology of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Murung Raya is still unclear. This study aimed to find out the relationship between environmental and health behavior risk factors of LBW in Murung Raya. 150 women were recruited through the incidence data 2013-2014, and the questionnaires, medical records, and geographic data were measured by McNemar, ANOVA, logistic, IRR, MI, z (Gi), and NNI tests. Bivariate analysis showed significant correlation of LBW with TBA care OR= 10, drinking popa OR= 5, smoking OR= 6.1, and accessibility OR = 2.3, with adjusted OR for TBA care OR= 32.78, ANC OR= 27.52 revealing trend lines with ANOVA F=49, and clustering RR=7, MI >0 (four clusters), z (Gi) >1 (two high clusters), and NNI>1 (two high clusters). The spatial analysis provided greater statistical power to detect an effect that was not apparent in the case-control study. This study suggests that preventions, interventions and treatment for LBW not only be conducted by the current epidemiology approach but also by new modern geographic positioning analysis. Abstrak Etiologi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) di Murung Raya masih belum jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor risiko perilaku lingkungan dan kesehatan dari BBLR di Murung Raya. 150 wanita direkrut melalui data kejadian 2013-2014, dan kuesioner, catatan medis, dan data geografis diukur dengan McNemar, ANOVA, logistik, IRR, MI, z (Gi), dan tes NNI. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan korelasi signifikan BBLR dengan perawatan

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“…Since the 1980s, many scholars have studied accessibility in terms of the spatial layout of public service facilities (schools, hospitals, shopping centers, etc.) [1][2][3][4][5][6]; these studies use accessibility results to assess the equity of social and economic activities, as well as the balance of public service resource allocation within cities. General hospitals are one of the most important public service facilities because they safeguard peoples' health and lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to General Hospitals with Navigation and Social Media Location Data: A Case Study in Nanjing

Qian

Chen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Spatial accessibility to general hospitals is an important indicator of the convenience and ability of residents to obtain medical services. Therefore, developing a model for measuring accessibility to general hospitals by multiple transportation modes is necessary. In this study, considering that the increase in travel time will reduce the attractiveness of general hospitals, we used the Two-Step Floating Catchment Area with the Gaussian attenuation function, in which the supply was presented by capacity of hospitals (i.e., number of beds), and the demand was presented by population in each grid derived with social media data mapping real-time locations of active users. The Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area (Ga2SFCA) simulates the attenuation tendency of the general hospital service capabilities over transit time. To obtain a highly precise understanding of accessibility to hospitals, transit time on Baidu Maps’ navigation service was used as the impedance condition, and the study area was divided into 1 square kilometer grids as the basic unit of research. Taking Nanjing city as a case study, it is found that the accessibility distribution shape changes from a multi-centered circular pattern to a multi-peak distribution, as the time threshold increases. By comparing the accessibility among 11 districts varying from main urban area to suburbs, the accessibility to general hospitals in Nanjing is significantly regionally unbalanced in both travel modes. By calculating and mapping the Modal Accessibility Gap (MAG) of the two travel modes, different modes of transportation resulted in different general hospital accessibility distributions. Generally, private car is superior in access to general hospitals to public transit in most areas. In the central area, public traffic may not contribute to the access to medical services as much as we thought, rather it plays a role in areas far from hospitals along metro lines and bus routes.

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Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Spatial Accessibility to Primary Health Care in Bhutan

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

Spatial Accessibility to Health Care Services: Identifying under-Serviced Neighbourhoods in Canadian Urban Areas

Spatial Accessibility to Health Care Services: Identifying under-Serviced Neighbourhoods in Canadian Urban Areas

Spatial Mapping Applied to Low Birth Weight Incidence , Indonesia

Evaluating Spatial Accessibility to General Hospitals with Navigation and Social Media Location Data: A Case Study in Nanjing

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