Spatio‐energetic cross talk in photon counting detectors: Detector model and correlated Poisson data generator

Abstract

The authors have developed a novel, computationally efficient PCD model that takes into account double-counting and resulting spatio-energetic correlation between PCD pixels. The MC simulation validated the accuracy.

A framework for performance characterization of energy‐resolving photon‐counting detectors

“…We simulated charge sharing according to the uniform spherical charge cloud model of Taguchi, where the diameter d of the charge cloud is related to the deposited energy E as , and we used at . By dividing the detector into pixels and calculating the charge cloud volume fraction located within the borders of each pixel, we obtained the total charge collected in each pixel.…”

“…Several studies have been published on how to model the frequency‐dependent detective quantum efficiency of photon‐counting detectors, but these studies do not take energy information into account. At the same time, the impact of detector nonidealities on spectral imaging tasks has been studied by several authors . However, these publications only study the zero‐spatial‐frequency performance and do not investigate the frequency‐dependent spectral performance.…”

“…At the same time, the impact of detector nonidealities on spectral imaging tasks has been studied by several authors. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] However, these publications only study the zero-spatial-frequency performance and do not investigate the frequency-dependent spectral performance. Shikhaliev et al 28 studied the effect of characteristic x rays on the spectrum shape and on the spatial resolution.…”

Digital count summing vs analog charge summing for photon counting detectors: A performance simulation study

“…We used r ¼ 40 lm, independent of energy, except when stated otherwise in a sensitivity analysis (described later). Two other models described in the literature include a small sphere with radius 15 lm at 70 keV, where the radius grows as a cube root of the energy, 29 and a larger sphere with radius 50 lm at 60 keV that linearly increases to a radius of 75 lm at 120 keV, 30 but other models also exist. 25 An experimental study found the best fit with a Gaussian charge cloud with r = 30 lm, which is slightly better than our choice of 40 lm.…”

Spatio‐energetic cross‐talk in photon counting detectors: N × N binning and sub‐pixel masking

“…The use of small sub‐pixels will benefit count rate capability; however, it increases chances of one photon being counted multiple ( n ) times by neighboring pixels due to charge sharing, fluorescence x‐ray emission and reabsorption, and Compton scattering . It is called double‐counting when n = 2 or n ‐tuple‐counting for n in general and it may increase the variance of PCD data.…”