Spatially resolved two-dimensional Fourier transform electron spin resonance

Field Gradient ESR and Molecular Diffusion in Model Membranes

“…In addition, we (18) have extended these techniques to spatially resolved two-dimensional electron-elec tron double resonance (2D-ELDOR). 2D-ELDOR is a form of two dimensional exchange spectroscopy that is very sensitive to cross-re laxation processes such as HE (28,29).…”

“…This permits one to obtain the Fourier-transformed concen tration distribution C(K,t) directly from the experiment, unlike in cw DID-ESR where one must first Fourier transform Jg(g,!) andJo(g) (17,18,47).…”

ESR Microscopy and Nanoscopy with “Induction” Detection

“…Pulsed ESRM is more challenging than CW since it requires fast gradient switching and spin probes with sufficiently long T 2 's 39,52–55 . Thus, previous work in high‐resolution pulsed ESRM was mainly conducted with a unique organic conductor crystal termed (FA) 2 X, which has a very long T 2 of ∼6 μs at room temperature.…”

“…For example, shaped excitation pulses, used for slice selection, are difficult to realize with microwaves on a sub‐microsecond timescale. In addition, short rectangular gradient pulses with sharp edges are also difficult to achieve 53,54 . The simple sequence shown in Fig.…”

Epr Imaging

“…Relaxation times provide additional dimensions that can enhance particular features in an image (19,45), particularly in field-swept spin-echo detected EPR imaging (53)(54)(55)(56)(57). Freed and coworkers have used spatially resolved FT EPR to differentiate between microscopic and macroscopic diffusion (58)(59)(60). We have demonstrated, using spin-echo imaging and CW imaging on the same sample, that the "image" one obtains for a sample depends strongly on how one looks at the sample (45).…”