Spatially resolved horizontal spread in smouldering peat combining infrared and visual diagnostics

Amin, Hafiz M.F.; Hu, Yuqi; Rein, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.06.039

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this work, horizontal spread rate measured from infrared images is ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 cm/h. The spread rate in this work is smaller than the values in the literatures (Prat-Guitart et al 2016;Huang et al 2016;Hu et al 2019;Amin et al 2020;Christensen et al 2020), mainly because both the MC and IC in the field here is higher than the soil conditions in the literatures. Figure 5 shows that the spread rate in this work agree with the trend in the literatures, fit within the ranges of high MC and IC soil conditions.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…Active fire area on the surface was obtained by analysing the acquired IR images. For the analysis of IR images, a similar approach used in (Amin et al 2020) was adopted and a threshold value of camera intensity well above the surrounding area (0.1) was chosen. The images were converted to greyscale and the pixels where the normalized intensity increases above the intensity threshold were marked (subset in Figure 3).…”

Section: Figure 1-top View Of the Site For Gambut Experiments Near A ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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GAMBUT field experiment of peatland wildfires in Sumatra: infrared measurements of smouldering spread rate

Santoso¹,

Christensen²,

Amin³

et al. 2022

Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022

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Peatland wildfires present challenge to the mitigation of climate change due to the large amount of ancient carbon emission. Once ignited, the organic soils in peatland can burn for a long periods (weeks to months) and are difficult to extinguish. Peat fire is governed by smouldering combustion which is the slow, low temperature, flameless burning of charring porous fuel, and the most persistent type of combustion phenomena. The detection and monitoring of peatland wildfires are often conducted by remote sensing like satellite. However, there is currently a missing gap between spread of peat fires in the small laboratory scale and the large field scale. This work covers this gap by conducting field-scale controlled experiment of peatland wildfires. The experimental campaign, GAMBUT, was conducted in the peatland of Sumatra, Indonesia, covering an area of 374 m2. Smouldering spread rate was measured by infrared cameras and subsurface thermocouples. The smouldering sustained up to 10 days and nights, and survived against three rainfalls. Observation from infrared images show that horizontal smouldering spread rate fluctuates during propagation. However, no significant difference was found between average horizontal spread rates from the measurements of infrared camera and thermocouples, i.e. 0.3Â±0.13 cm/h to 0.8Â±0.2 cm/h. The spread rates here agree with the trend in the literature of laboratory experiments, fit within in the ranges of high moisture (MC) and inorganic (IC) contents of the soil (MC between 23 to 141% and IC between 49 to 72%). Even though slower, the fires thrived up to 10 days and against three rainfalls, demonstrating the persistency of smouldering peat fires and calling for a consideration of degraded peatland with high inorganic content to be consistently included in the mapping and monitoring of peatland area. GAMBUT presents a unique understanding of peatland wildfires at field conditions and aims to contribute to the better monitoring and mitigation acts.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 75%

Section: Figure 1-top View Of the Site For Gambut Experiments Near A ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

GAMBUT field experiment of peatland wildfires in Sumatra: infrared measurements of smouldering spread rate

Santoso¹,

Christensen²,

Amin³

et al. 2022

Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Previous work on peat fires has used commercial peat to analyze gas emissions (Hu et al 2020) and the chemical reactions involved in the ignition and spread of smoulder (Hadden et al 2013) in the laboratory. The influences of MC (Amin et al 2020;Huang and Rein 2017;Lin et al 2020), wind and slope (Christensen et al 2020), density (Krieger Filho et al 2020, and depth of peat (Lin et al 2021) on spread rate have been studied. A one-dimensional (1-D) model has been developed Huang and Rein 2019; and used to understand the relationship between depth of smouldering and MC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical characterisation of the smouldering combustion of peat

Hakes¹,

Allan²,

Ke³

et al. 2022

Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022

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Smouldering peat fires are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. As the climate warms, the frequency and severity of peat fires will continue to increase, with a single large fire event contributing as much CO2 to the atmosphere per day as an industrialized country. Estimates of the amount of CO2 released by peat fires contain large uncertainties, driven by overwhelming uncertainty in the mass of peat consumed in these fires. The present work addresses uncertainties in peat fire dynamics and smouldering through an iterative experimental and modelling process. Presented here is a first step towards predicting greenhouse gas emissions. Experiments focus on capturing the mass burnt in a smouldering peat fire and describing the smoulderingâ€”pyrolysis and oxidationâ€”process. Mass loss rate is found to vary as a sample is tested in lateral spread vs downward spread configurations. A one-dimensional model of peat smouldering is implemented, with initial qualitative results presented here, showing the drying of wet peat and the pyrolysis front. These results represent the current work in progress on this effort. Further work will compare experimental and simulation results for additional parameters of interest, and simulations will be used to inform which soil parameters to explore experimentally.

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Modelling oxygen-limited and self-sustained smoldering propagation: Underground coal fires driven by thermal buoyancy

Song

2022

Combustion and Flame

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Spatially resolved horizontal spread in smouldering peat combining infrared and visual diagnostics

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

GAMBUT field experiment of peatland wildfires in Sumatra: infrared measurements of smouldering spread rate

GAMBUT field experiment of peatland wildfires in Sumatra: infrared measurements of smouldering spread rate

Experimental and numerical characterisation of the smouldering combustion of peat

Modelling oxygen-limited and self-sustained smoldering propagation: Underground coal fires driven by thermal buoyancy

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