Spatially patterned microribbon-based hydrogels induce zonally-organized cartilage regeneration by stem cells in 3D

Biomimetic hydrogels designed for cartilage tissue engineering

“…Improved mechanical and biological performances have been achieved by exploiting recent advances in physical and chemical crosslinking including click chemistries, photo crosslinking, enzyme mediated crosslinking, and interpenetrating double network. Similar mechanical properties to native cartilage have been obtained for biomimetic hydrogels based on ECM derived proteins 121,125 , achieving compressive young modulus up to 456 kPa for spatially patterned µRB scaffolds based on CS-GEL hydrogels 117 . On this, excellent mechanical and biological performance including GAGs deposition and cellular viability have been also obtained for hydrogels that combine ECM derived materials such as GEL, HA and GEL 119,121,125 .…”

Graphene Oxide‐Doped Gellan Gum–PEGDA Bilayered Hydrogel Mimicking the Mechanical and Lubrication Properties of Articular Cartilage

“…It is not straightforward, with TE approaches, to reconstitute a multilayer structure featured by mechanical properties reflecting the ones of the natural cartilage. [ 19 ] Furthermore, TE constructs have to deal with a complex regulatory pathway before entering the clinics, being advanced therapy medicinal products bearing human cells. Fully synthetic (acellular) materials have the advantage of a simpler certification pathway, in addition to the fact that mechanical properties can be varied with higher flexibility, since cells are not embedded in the material and there is no need to keep them alive through a highly porous and soft environment.…”

“…Hydrogels are water‐swollen materials that can be considered optimal candidates for being injected or placed in the joint and to form 3D structures in situ. [ 21 ] In the state‐of‐the‐art, some materials such as poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly‐(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT), [ 22 ] poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (PCL), [ 23 ] collagen, [ 24 ] chondroitin sulphate (CS) and gelatin (G) microribbon (μRB), [ 19 ] have been shaped in multilayers and proposed as possible synthetic grafts for AC repair. However, none of them effectively mimicked both the mechanical and lubrication properties of native cartilage.…”

Oriented inner fabrication of bi-layer biomimetic tendon sheath for anti-adhesion and tendon healing

“…Without the encumbrances such as complexity of the production process, uncertainty of mechanism involving drug delivery, and disturbance of tendon regeneration, the inherent plain structure is one of Recently, oriented materials and their applications in orthopedic tissue engineering have been studied intensively, including peritoneal adhesion, 16 cartilage degeneration, 15 peripheral nerve defect, 13 annulus fibrosus implant, 12 and rotator cuff tendon defect. 14 However, there is still no application in the field of biomaterials for tendon adhesion.…”

“…Recently, many studies suggested that the characterizations of biomedical materials could regulate cell behavior such as proliferation and differentiation via remodeling of cytoskeleton. [5][6][7][8] Meanwhile, oriented structured nanofibers have been applied extensively in certain areas of cardiology, 9 urology, 10 and ophthalmology, 11 as well as orthopedics (annulus fibrous implant, 12 peripheral nerve defect, 13 rotator cuff tendon defect, 14 cartilage degeneration, 15 and peritoneal adhesion. 16 ) Thus, we designed a bi-layer tendon membrane, where the inner layer was fabricated with oriented poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) electrospun nanofiber to promote tendon healing and the outer layer was fabricated in a random pattern to obstruct peritendinous adhesion.…”