Spatially multiplexed orbital-angular-momentum-encoded single photon and classical channels in a free-space optical communication link

Ren, Yongxiong; Liu, Cong; Pang, Kai; Zhao, Jiapeng; Cao, Yinwen; Xie, Guodong; Li, Long; Liao, Peicheng; Zhao, Zhe; Tur, Moshe; Boyd, Robert W.

doi:10.1364/ol.42.004881

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Beams with an azimuthal phase dependence exp(iℓθ) carry an OAM of ℓh per photon, where ℓ is the integer OAM quantum number. After the breakthrough work by Allen et al in 1992 [9], the properties and applications of OAM have been studied in both classical and quantum regimes [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of d -dimensional quantum cryptography under state-dependent diffraction

et al. 2019

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Standard protocols for quantum key distribution (QKD) require that the sender be able to transmit in two or more mutually unbiased bases. Here, we analyze the extent to which the performance of QKD is degraded by diffraction effects that become relevant for long propagation distances and limited sizes of apertures. In such a scenario, different states experience different amounts of diffraction, leading to state-dependent loss and phase acquisition, causing an increased error rate and security loophole at the receiver. To solve this problem, we propose a pre-compensation protocol based on pre-shaping the transverse structure of quantum states. We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that when performing QKD over a link with known, symbol-dependent loss and phase shift, the performance of QKD will be better if we intentionally increase the loss of certain symbols to make the loss and phase shift of all states same. Our results show that the pre-compensated protocol can significantly reduce the error rate induced by state-dependent diffraction and thereby improve the secure key rate of QKD systems without sacrificing the security.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of d -dimensional quantum cryptography under state-dependent diffraction

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, the progress in OAM superposition has brought about many important applications in classical physics and quantum sciences. Classical applications include particle trapping, optical communications, and relativistic laser–matter interactions . In the quantum field, important advancements have been made in quantum communications, quantum information processing, and quantum calculations …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation for Superposition of Orbital Angular Momentum States in Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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states can generate structured spatial light fields via the comprehensive manipulations of the helical phase, polarization, and propagation of the light. Intuitively, the equal-weighted superposition of OAM states with TCs of opposite signs may generate spatial modes of petal-like intensity with nonzero or zero global OAMs, and superpositions of higher-order OAMs may produce wheel-like modes with azimuthal variations of intensity in high dimensions. A variety of methods or devices have been developed to enable the superposition of OAMs. These include liquid crystal q-plates, [1][2][3] spatial light modulators, [4,5] crystal prism pairs, [6] microscopic ring resonators, [7,8] and other optical elements. [9][10][11] Moreover, the progress in OAM superposition has brought about many important applications in classical physics and quantum sciences. Classical applications include particle trapping, [12] optical communications, [13,14] and relativistic laser-matter interactions. [15,16] In the quantum field, important advancements have been made in quantum communications, [17][18][19] quantum information processing, [20,21] and quantum calculations. [22,23] The potential to miniaturize superposed spatial modes of OAM to nanoscale is promising for the implementation of integrated on-chip devices. Metasurfaces consisting of monolayers of subwavelength metallic/dielectric structures have become an efficient way to manipulate light at the subwavelength scale. In recent several years, the study of metasurfaces has attracted great interest in areas as phase-controlled, [24] broadband vectorial holograms, [25] broadband achromatic metalenses, [26] and the coherent control of plasmonic spin-Hall effects. [27] The development of metasurfaces for the manipulation of OAM states has also been studied extensively. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In the past year, significant progress has been made in achieving arbitrarily controlled OAM superposition states via metasurface engineering. Devlin et al. have proposed the metasurface J-plate to realize the superposition of independent OAM states and to convert SAMs into total angular momentum states. [36] Using a reflective plasmonic metasurface, Yue et al. demonstrated various OAM superpositions in multiple channels by changing the polarization of the illumination. [37,38] By designing a nonlinear plasmonic metasurface for the simultaneous control of the OAM and SAM, Li et al. achieved the OAM superposition of the modes of the second Superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states and the structured intensity are providing new approaches for manipulating optical information and light-matter interactions. While superposition of OAMs in free space has been well studied, further extensions to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) confined in near-field would be crucial for miniaturing and integrating platforms. Here, the plasmonic metasurfaces consisting of rotated nanoslits arranged in a segmented spiral are proposed to realize the superposition of two SPP OAM states. The nanoslit rota...

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“…Importantly, there has been interest in quantum systems that utilize a larger number of orthogonal states by using a larger “alphabet” set of characteristics of photons. Such a larger alphabet might enable better performance in quantum communication links, such as: (i) a larger transmission capacity in terms of bits/sec, since an alphabet of 2 N possible values can transmit N bits per symbol period; and (ii) a higher photon efficiency in terms of bits/photon, since a single photon can now carry N bits of information instead of 1; this is very similar to the difference between binary data encoding using {0, 1} and M-ary data encoding using {0, 1,…, M-1} [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible approach to a larger quantum alphabet could be utilizing a spatial modal basis set for which a single photon could occupy one of many different orthogonal spatial modes [5–7, 9–14]. One possible basis set is orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) modes, which is a subset of circularly symmetric Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes [15, 16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OAM data encoding could be implemented using: (a) a tunable OAM mode converter with time-varying phase patterns [5], or (b) multiple fixed OAM mode converters together with an optical switch, such that the beam is switched among the different converters to carry time-varying OAM states [8]. OAM encoding could be used for either classical or quantum communication links [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-End Adaptive Optics Compensation for Emulated Turbulence in a Bi-Directional 10-Mbit/s per Channel Free-Space Quantum Communication Link Using Orbital-Angular-Momentum Encoding

et al. 2019

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A single-end adaptive-optics (AO) module is experimentally demonstrated to mitigate the emulated atmospheric turbulence effects in a bi-directional quantum communication link, which employs orbital angular momentum (OAM) for data encoding. A classical Gaussian beam is used as a probe to detect the turbulence-induced wavefront distortion in the forward direction of the link. Based on the detected wavefront distortion, an AO system located on one end of the link is used to simultaneously compensate for the forward and backward channels. Specifically, with emulated turbulence and when the probe is turned on, the mode purity of photons carrying OAM l=1 is improved by ~ 21 % with AO mitigation. We also measured the performance when encoding data using OAM {l=-1,+2} and {l=-2,+1} in the forward and backward channels, respectively, at 10 Mbit/s per channel with one photon per pulse on average. For this case, we found that the AO system could reduce the turbulence effects increased quantum-symbol-error-rate (QSER) by ~ 76 % and ~ 74 %, for both channels in the uni-directional and bi-directional cases, respectively. Similar QSER improvement is observed for the opposite direction channels in the bi-directional case.

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Spatially multiplexed orbital-angular-momentum-encoded single photon and classical channels in a free-space optical communication link

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Performance analysis of d -dimensional quantum cryptography under state-dependent diffraction

Performance analysis of d -dimensional quantum cryptography under state-dependent diffraction

Manipulation for Superposition of Orbital Angular Momentum States in Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Single-End Adaptive Optics Compensation for Emulated Turbulence in a Bi-Directional 10-Mbit/s per Channel Free-Space Quantum Communication Link Using Orbital-Angular-Momentum Encoding

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