Spatially explicit and multi-sourced genetic information is critical for conservation of an endangered plant species, San Diego thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia)

DeWoody, J. Andrew; Rogers, Deborah L.; Hipkins, Valerie D.; Endress, Bryan A.

doi:10.1007/s10592-018-1062-y

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our results, in tandem with other work on the species [22,23], suggest that, across the range of the species, there is both adaptive genetic potential and phenotypic plasticity along the gradients of resource availability. As an edaphic endemic, the species' migration potential is limited by the clay soil availability.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Through our common garden approach, we learned more about how a rare species with a climatically heterogenous, but edaphically restricted, range responds phenotypically to differences in water availability. A previous report [22] exploring plants within just one of these watering treatments supported the hypothesis that genetic differences between populations exist and, thus, the differences seen across the species' range are not solely due to plasticity expressed across environmental variability. However, adding the highand low-watering treatments allowed us to identify differences in plasticity as a type of intraspecific variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A rare plant with a climatically heterogeneous but edaphically restricted native range, A. ilicifolia displays a strong genetic structure among populations and significant differences in growth and reproduction among populations in a common garden setting [22,23]. Our findings add that A. ilicifolia populations vary in their responses to experimental water variability and exhibit directional patterns in reproductive performance along a regional climate gradient.…”

Section: Variable Growth Responses Among Acanthomintha Ilicifolia Pop...mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…A. ilicifolia produces bisexual flowers and is an outcrosser that is insect pollinated; however, there is limited information regarding its breeding system. A genetic analysis of 21 A. ilicifolia populations found a strong genetic structure among populations and at least two cytotypes [22]. A more recent genomic study found that these populations make up at least five unique genetic clusters within San Diego County [23], making A. ilicifolia a promising study species for examining the effects of local adaptation on genetic and phenotypic diversity in rare plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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San Diego Thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia) Populations Differ in Growth and Reproductive Responses to Differential Water Availability: Evidence from a Common Garden Experiment

Heineman,

Anderson,

Davitt

et al. 2023

Plants

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The responses of rare plants to environmental stressors will determine their potential to adapt to a rapidly changing climate. We used a common garden approach to evaluate how six populations of the annual San Diego thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia Lamiaceae; listed as endangered in the state of California and as threatened by the US Fish and Wildlife Service) from across the species range respond in terms of growth (biomass, height, and width) and reproduction (seed production, floral production, and next generation seed viability) to experimental differences in water availability. We found a significant irrigation-by-population interaction on the aboveground growth, wherein the differences in the magnitude and direction of treatment did not correlate directly with climate variables in natural populations. With respect to reproduction, the low-irrigation treatment produced more seeds per plant, more reproductive individuals, and a larger proportion of viable seed in most, but not all, populations. The seed production and the effect of irrigation on seed production correlated positively with rainfall at wild source populations. These results suggest that Acanthomintha ilicifolia responds to water limitation by creating more and higher-quality seed, and that plants locally adapted to a higher annual rainfall show a greater plasticity to differences in water availability than plants adapted to a lower annual rainfall, a finding that can inform the in situ demographic management and ex situ collection strategy for Acanthomintha ilicifolia and other rare California annuals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Variable Growth Responses Among Acanthomintha Ilicifolia Pop...mentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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San Diego Thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia) Populations Differ in Growth and Reproductive Responses to Differential Water Availability: Evidence from a Common Garden Experiment

Heineman,

Anderson,

Davitt

et al. 2023

Plants

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Genomic and common garden data reveal significant genetic differentiation in the endangered San Fernando Valley spineflower Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina

Rogers,

Washburn,

Birker

et al. 2024

Conserv Genet

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San Fernando Valley spineflower (Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina [S. Watson] Jeps.) (Polygonaceae) is an herbaceous annual plant, endemic to California, and until rediscovered in 1999 had been thought to be extinct for almost seven decades. Historically documented at 10 locations, it currently persists at 2, separated by approximately 27 km. State listed as endangered, a description of its genetic diversity and structure is of conservation interest. After determining a lack of variation in ploidy, we examined genetic variation from samples within both populations: a common garden study for potentially adaptive genetic variation in selected growth and phenological traits and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms identified through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing. Both measures indicated that this highly restricted taxon nevertheless harbors substantial levels of genetic diversity and has significant between- and within-population genetic structure. Combining approaches from population genomics and common garden studies provided more insight into the patterns and basis of genetic diversity than is typical for studies of non-model species. Although local adaptation was not specifically studied (i.e., via reciprocal transplant studies), the differences determined from these two independent lines of evidence indicate that mixing gene pools between populations is not recommended at this time. Further, with significant differences revealed among subpopulations, we caution against mixing genotypes across subpopulations for the most part, and without much more evidence that this would not pose a risk of outbreeding depression. The importance of supporting pollinator health and diversity is highlighted. With genetic diversity—particularly with an annual species—being dynamic, fluctuating with the usual processes and with contributions from the soil seedbank, we recommend periodic resampling to monitor genetic diversity and structure. Climate change is anticipated to contribute to this variability.

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Spatially explicit and multi-sourced genetic information is critical for conservation of an endangered plant species, San Diego thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia)

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

San Diego Thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia) Populations Differ in Growth and Reproductive Responses to Differential Water Availability: Evidence from a Common Garden Experiment

San Diego Thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia) Populations Differ in Growth and Reproductive Responses to Differential Water Availability: Evidence from a Common Garden Experiment

Genomic and common garden data reveal significant genetic differentiation in the endangered San Fernando Valley spineflower Chorizanthe parryi var. fernandina

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