Spatially and temporally explicit water footprint accounting

The Water Footprint of Sugar Cane And Sugar Beet Cultivated in Egypt البصمة المائية لقصب السکر و بنجر السکر في مصر

“…To reduce the pressure putting on fresh water resources, assessment of blue, green, and grey water footprint would be conducted. A spatially and temporally explicit water footprint analysis is also required by the variability of water resources in space and time (Mekonnen, 2011). Gerbens-Leenes and Hoekstra (2009) assess the green, blue and grey water footprint (WF) of sugar, High Fructose Maize Syrup and ethanol in the main producing countries (Brazil, United States, China, and India).…”

Past, current and future water footprints, water scarcity and virtual water flows in China

“…We compared the national average WF of each crop (in m 3 t -1 ) as estimated in the current study with three previous studies that gave average values for different periods: Mekonnen and Hoekstra (2011) ) with results from Mekonnen andHoekstra (2011), Liu et al (2007) and Shi et al (2014).…”

“…WFs of agricultural production, WF accounting at a high spatial resolution taking into account the heterogeneity in climate and other input parameters can now be realized (Mekonnen, 2011). Global green and blue WFs of crop production have been mapped at a spatial resolution of 30 by 30 arc minute (Rost et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2009;Fader et al, 2010;Hanasaki et al, 2010;) and even at 5 by 5 arc minute (Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2010;Siebert and Doll, 2010;Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2011;Tuninetti et al, 2015).…”

“…During the last two decades, a number of water scarcity indicators have been developed and used to measure and map the level of human water use in comparison to water resources availability (Savenije, 2000;Brown and Matlock, 2011;Mekonnen, 2011;. The most widely used water scarcity indicators have been the annual runoff-to-population ratio (Falkenmark, 1989) and the annual withdrawal-to-runoff ratio, also called the withdrawal-to-availability ratio (Raskin et al, 1997;Vörösmarty et al, 2000;Alcamo et al, 2003;Oki and Kanae, 2006).…”