“…In modern enterprises, exceptions can be divided into two categories: firstly, what should be done is not done and what should not happen [23]; secondly, although what should be done is done and what should happen happens, it does not occur according to the process or the prescribed way of working, even without processes to follow, and if a replacement of the staff, the scenario, or the customer occurs, problems will arise. For example, there are no work instructions for a particular process and workers operate according to their own experience, which results in the following: if a skilled worker operates the process, the product is guaranteed to be satisfactory; if that worker leaves and is replaced by a new worker, a large number of defective products will be produced [24,25]. Both of these things lead to abnormal production waste.…”