Spatial variations in chemical weathering and CO2 consumption in Nepalese High Himalayan catchments during the monsoon season

Wolff-Boenisch, Domenik; Gabet, Emmanuel J.; Burbank, Douglas W.; Langner, Heiko W.; Putkonen, Jaakko

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.012

Cited by 59 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Correction methods used by the individual authors typically rely on ratios of Ca-Na and Mg-Na (Gaillardet et al, 1999b). Data are from multiple sources (Carey et al, 2006;Gabet et al, 2010;Gaillardet et al, 1997;Gaillardet et al, 1999b;Gibbs, 1967;Goldsmith et al, 2008;Grove, 1972;Guyot et al, 1996;Hartmann and Moosdorf, 2011;Li et al, 1984;Lyons et al, 2005;Moquet et al, 2011;Mortatti and Probst, 2003;Qin et al, 2006;Schaller et al, 2001;Wolff-Boenisch et al, 2009). 8 Silicate weathering fluxes from volcanic lithologies, corrected for atmospheric and, where possible, for hydrothermal inputs (Gaillardet et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering

Dixon

Blanckenburg

2012

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

127

154

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The weathering and erosion processes that produce and destroy regolith are widely recognized to be positively correlated across diverse landscapes. However, conceptual and numerical models predict some limits to this relationship that remain largely untested. Using new global data compilations of soil production and weathering rates from cosmogenic nuclides and silicate weathering fluxes from global rivers, we show that the weatheringerosion relationship is capped by certain 'speed limits'. We estimate a soil production speed limit of between 320 to 450 t km -2 y -1 and the associated weathering rate speed limit of roughly 150 t km -2 y -1. These limits appear to be valid for a range of lithologies, and also extend to mountain belts, where soil cover is not continuous and erosion rates outpace soil production. We argue that the presence of soil and regolith is a requirement for high weathering fluxes from a landscape, and that rapidly eroding, active mountain belts are not the most efficient sites for weathering. . Ces limites semblent être valides pour une large gamme de roches-mères, et s'appliquent aussi aux zones montagneuses, où les sols ne recouvrent pas toute la surface et où les taux d'érosion dépassent ceux de la production du sol. Nous avançons que la présence d'un sol est un prérequis pour qu'un paysage exporte de fort flux d'altération, et que les chaînes de montagne actives présentant de forts taux d'érosion ne sont pas les sites les plus efficaces pour l'altération.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering

Dixon

Blanckenburg

2012

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

127

154

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“…Dominance of calcium and sodium among base cations and the dominance of sulfate and alkalinity mainly as bicarbonate among anions suggest that dissolution of carbonate and aluminosilicate coupled with sulfide oxidation within the basin appeared as a dominant geochemical process which controls the major solutes. Sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution has been observed in subglacial drainage basins within Himalaya and other glacierized basins of the world (Tranter and Raiswell 1991;Bartarya 1993;Tranter et al 1993;Fairchild et al 1994;Galy and France-Lanord 1999;Hasnain and Thayyen 1999;Pandey et al 1999;Chen et al 2002;Hodson et al 2002;Millot et al 2003;Bhatt et al 2000Bhatt et al , 2008Bhatt et al , 2009Bhatt et al , 2014aWolff-Boenisch et al 2009). …”

Section: Hypothesis 3: Weathering Extent and Controlling Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High concentration of silicon at the central pond is linked directly with high temperature and high-flow conditions, and the abundant availability of fresh reactive mineral surfaces. Some earlier studies have documented the role of temperature and runoff on the dissolution of silicate minerals (Amiotte Suchet and Probst 1993;McDowell and Asbury 1994;Dorn and Brady 1995;White and Blum 1995;Ludwig et al 1998;Gaillardet et al 1999;France-Lanord et al 2003;Krishnaswami and Singh 2005;Wolff-Boenisch et al 2009). The lower concentration of silicon was observed in the ponds that were covered with ice cliffs and rocks, whereas the higher concentration was observed in the ponds that are covered with moraine walls and those conducting the main water flow.…”

Section: Hypothesis 1: Elevation Trends Of Measured Chemical Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemistry of glacial meltwater, supraglacial ponds, glacier lakes, and ice core studies have been documented from the Himalayan region of Nepal (Kamiyama 1984;Watanabe et al 1984;Jenkins et al 1995;Reynolds et al 1995;West et al 2002;France-Lanord et al 2003;Quade et al 2003;Evans et al 2004;Tipper et al 2006;Barnard et al 2006;Bhatt et al 2000Bhatt et al , 2008Bhatt et al , 2009Wolff-Boenisch et al 2009;Lupker et al 2012), yet it is important to attain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of water chemistry and its relationship with weathering processes in this region. conclude that the dominant processes determining the chemical composition of glacier pond water within debris area of Lirung glacier are sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution and chemical weathering of aluminosilicate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry of Supraglacial Ponds in the Debris-Covered Area of Lirung Glacier in Central Nepal Himalayas

2015

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Glacial meltwater samples were collected from 15 supraglacial ponds at elevations ranging between 3989 and 4292 m above sea level in the debris-covered area of Lirung glacier in central Nepal Himalayas, from November 2010 to October 2011 on a bimonthly basis. We examined elevation trends, and their control by seasonality, dominant geochemical processes, and seasonal dynamics in these supraglacial ponds. Concentration of some parameters showed a decreasing trend with elevation but with high variability and modulation by seasons, being more prevalent in the post-monsoon. Sulfate is the only parameter showing significant elevation trends regardless of the season, although the trend is also affected by the monsoon. The concentrations of major chemical solutes were highest during post-monsoon season and lower in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, indicating influence of seasonality on dissolution, dilution, and hydrological processes. Contribution to chemical loads from marine aerosols to these pond water appeared to be minor except for sodium and magnesium. Chemical weathering of carbonate and silicate minerals fueled by dissolution of pyrite appeared as the dominant geochemical processes.

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“…Time series observations are critical in order to accurately quantify annual fluxes and understand the processes controlling the properties of chemical species in rivers (Walling and Foster, 1975;Christophersen et al, 1990;Scanlon et al, 2001;Raymond and Cole, 2003;Tipper et al, 2006;Bagard et al, 2011;Kirchner and Neal, 2013). In addition, basin-integrated signals often do not represent the entire drainage region equally, but rather are significantly biased by specific, sometimes geographically small, areas (Edmond, 1992;Blum et al, 1998;Hartmann et al, 2009;Wolff-Boenisch et al, 2009). Only by sampling for both spatial variability across a basin and temporal variability near a river mouth can the dynamics of source contributions and seasonal dynamics be understood.…”

Section: Tracing River Geochemistry Across Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes in the Fraser River, Canada : a coupled organic-inorganic perspective

Voß¹

2014

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The great geologic and climatic diversity of the Fraser River basin in southwestern Canada render it an excellent location for understanding biogeochemical cycling of sediments and terrigenous organic carbon in a relatively pristine, large, temperate watershed. Sediments delivered by all tributaries have the potential to reach the ocean due to a lack of main stem lakes or impoundments, a unique feature for a river of its size. This study documents the concentrations of a suite of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic constituents, which elucidate spatial and temporal variations in chemical weathering (including carbonate weathering in certain areas) as well as organic carbon mobilization, export, and biogeochemical transformation. Radiogenic strontium isotopes are employed as a tracer of sediment provenance based on the wide variation in bedrock age and lithology in the Fraser basin. The influence of sediments derived from the headwaters is detectable at the river mouth, however more downstream sediment sources predominate, particularly during high discharge conditions. Bulk radiocarbon analyses are used to quantify terrestrial storage timescales of organic carbon and distinguish between petrogenic and biospheric organic carbon, which is critical to assessing the role of rivers in long-term atmospheric CO 2 consumption. The estimated terrestrial residence time of biospheric organic carbon in the Fraser basin is 650 years, which is relatively short compared to other larger rivers (Amazon, Ganges-Brahmaputra) in which this assessment has been performed, and is likely related to the limited floodplain storage capacity and non-steadystate post-glacial erosion state of the Fraser River. A large portion of the dissolved inorganic carbon load of the Fraser River (>80%) is estimated to derive from remineralization of dissolved organic carbon, particularly during the annual spring freshet when organic carbon concentrations increase rapidly. This thesis establishes a baseline for carbon cycling in a largely unperturbed modern mid-latitude river system and establishes a framework for future process studies on the mechanisms of organic carbon turnover and organic matter-mineral associations in river systems.

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Spatial variations in chemical weathering and CO2 consumption in Nepalese High Himalayan catchments during the monsoon season

Cited by 59 publications

References 104 publications

Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering

Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering

Chemistry of Supraglacial Ponds in the Debris-Covered Area of Lirung Glacier in Central Nepal Himalayas

Spatial and temporal dynamics of biogeochemical processes in the Fraser River, Canada : a coupled organic-inorganic perspective

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