Spatial Variation of Silt and Clay Sediment Deposit in Bhaktapur City

Kawan, Chandra Kiran; Maskey, Prem Nath; Motra, Gokarna Bahadur

doi:10.3126/jsce.v7i0.26788

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…From the result we can say Vs30 is lowest at western and central part of the study area, which are the areas with thicker basin sediments when compared to the basin-edges in eastern and southern region of the study area. In the core area of Bhaktapur district, the depth of soft sediments reaches 235m to 250m (Dhonju et al, 2023;Kawan et al, 2019). When comparing the Vs30 from JICA (2018) with the map obtained from Konno and Kataoka and from inversion, we can see the similarity with much closer result from the rst method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Estimation of Vs30 and site classification of Bhaktapur District using Microtremor Array Measurement

Prajapati,

Dhonju,

Bijukchhen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The past earthquakes have depicted the strong need for the study of seismic behavior of sediments. Shear wave velocity directly relates to elastic shear modulus of the material and helps to incorporate the behavior of the soil in a design of structure which can be determined invasively as well as non-invasively. Multi-sensory Microtremor Array Measurement (MAM) is one of the non-intrusive methods of determining a subsurface soil characteristic by analyzing ambient vibration of the ground. In this method several geophones either in a linear or grid configuration are deployed on a firm ground surface for recording the ambient vibration. The ambient vibration data obtained by employing seismometer array of different sizes can then be jointly processed to obtain the single combined dispersion curve for a site. We determined averaged shear wave velocity (Vs30) of Bhaktapur district by two ways using non-invasive method of MAM using dispersion curve. The first method lies in obtaining Vs30 from dispersion curve directly and the second method extracts Vs30 from the inversion process using Genetic Algorithm. The first approach is direct and doesn’t require any prior knowledge of geology of site while the later one gives the velocity structure for the study area. The Vs30 thus obtained was tallied with previous works which illustrated a good correlation. The Vs30 at the south eastern part of the study area is higher than in other parts of the study area. Similarly, Vs30 at the western part of the study area is lower. The soil of the study area is found to be composed of both hard and soft soil but it is categorized as type D soil (i.e. very soft soil sites) in the new building code of Nepal. Also, the Vs30 from first method had high correlation so was used for the classification of soil of the study area based on NEHRP site classification system. As per this classification system, the study area lies in a site class C, D and E respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Estimation of Vs30 and site classification of Bhaktapur District using Microtremor Array Measurement

Prajapati,

Dhonju,

Bijukchhen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…BM is one of the four municipalities of Bhaktapur district in central Nepal. It has an area of 6.9 km2, extending at the geographical coordinates of 85°21' -85°31' E longitude and 27°36' -27°44' N latitude (Kawan et al, 2019). The average altitude of BM is 1,400 m above sea level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Groundwater Level and Water Quality in Bhaktapur Municipality: A Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Analysis

Mandal,

Shakya,

Ghale

et al. 2023

Khwopa J.

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Groundwater is a crucial natural resource for sustaining human life, agriculture, and ecosystems worldwide. In many Asian countries, including Nepal, groundwater has emerged as a dependable source of water, particularly in areas where surface water is scarce or unreliable. For instance, in Bhaktapur Municipality (BM), Nepal, groundwater has been contributing around 50–60% of the total water supply. However, over the past few years, extensive extraction, alterations in the land use pattern, and other anthropogenic interventions have posed serious threats to this highly valuable resource. As such, groundwater monitoring is an essential primary step for understanding the status of the groundwater resource. Meanwhile, the Water Quality Index (WQI) is an effective tool that can turn complex water quality data into simplified information that is understandable and usable by the public. This study aimed to understand the groundwater levels and further comprehend the groundwater quality using the WQI of the BM. The groundwater level data and water samples were collected from 24 spatially distributed wells of the BM in the post-monsoon of 2021 and the pre- and post-monsoon of 2022. Laboratory analysis was carried out to determine the nine physico-chemical water quality parameters, and the obtained parametric values were compared with those of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS). The results show deeper groundwater levels in the core area than the periphery, and the water quality getting poorer from post-monsoon 2021 to post-monsoon 2022. The EC, TDS, pH, phosphate, chloride, and hardness of most of the samples were within the permissible limits of WHO and NDWQS, whereas the turbidity, ammonia, and alkalinity of many samples exceeded the permissible limits. Average WQI revealed that the majority of the samples were unsuitable for drinking and suitable only for household and irrigation purposes. This study provides insights into managing water demands, addressing issues of water scarcity, and highlighting the urgent need for additional research and policymaking to improve drinking water quality and the sustainability of groundwater management in BM.

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Study of seismic site effects and soil-structure resonance of Bhaktapur District, Nepal using microtremors

Kawan,

Prajapati,

Sakhakarmi

2024

J Seismol

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Spatial Variation of Silt and Clay Sediment Deposit in Bhaktapur City

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Estimation of Vs30 and site classification of Bhaktapur District using Microtremor Array Measurement

Estimation of Vs30 and site classification of Bhaktapur District using Microtremor Array Measurement

Assessing Groundwater Level and Water Quality in Bhaktapur Municipality: A Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Analysis

Study of seismic site effects and soil-structure resonance of Bhaktapur District, Nepal using microtremors

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