Spatial variation of nitrous oxide emission between interrow soil and interrow plus row soil in a long-term maize cultivated sandy loam soil

Cai, Yanjiang; Ding, Weixin; Luo, Jiafa

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.005

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The corn began senescing around DAS 104 and was harvested on DAS 178. We performed measurements in row and inter-row locations with the assumption that plant effects, if any, would be greater in the rows where the corn was growing (Cai et al, 2012;Haile-Mariam et al, 2008;Kessavalou et al, 1998). We established three parallel transects spaced 50 m apart.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net soil–atmosphere fluxes mask patterns in gross production and consumption of nitrous oxide and methane in a managed ecosystem

Yang

Silver

2016

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and methane (CH 4 ) are potent greenhouse gases that are both produced and consumed in soil. Production and consumption of these gases are driven by different processes, making it difficult to infer their controls when measuring only net fluxes. We used the trace gas pool dilution technique to simultaneously measure gross fluxes of N 2 O and CH 4 throughout the growing season in a cornfield in northern California, USA. Net N 2 O fluxes ranged 0-4.5 mg N m −2 d −1 with the N 2 O yield averaging 0.68 ± 0.02. Gross N 2 O production was best predicted by net nitrogen (N) mineralization, soil moisture, and soil temperature (R 2 = 0.60, n = 39, p< 0.001). Gross N 2 O reduction was correlated with the combination of gross N 2 O production rates, net N mineralization rates, and CO 2 emissions (R 2 = 0.74, n = 39, p< 0.001). Overall, net CH 4 fluxes averaged −0.03 ± 0.02 mg C m −2 d −1 . The methanogenic fraction of carbon mineralization ranged from 0 to 0.27 % and explained 40 % of the variability in gross CH 4 production rates (n = 37, p< 0.001). Gross CH 4 oxidation exhibited a strong positive relationship with gross CH 4 production rates (R 2 = 0.67, n = 37, p< 0.001), which reached as high as 5.4 mg C m −2 d −1 . Our study is the first to demonstrate the simultaneous in situ measurement of gross N 2 O and CH 4 fluxes, and results highlight that net soil-atmosphere fluxes can mask significant gross production and consumption of these trace gases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net soil–atmosphere fluxes mask patterns in gross production and consumption of nitrous oxide and methane in a managed ecosystem

Yang

Silver

2016

Biogeosciences

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“…Fitting the two parts of the split chamber onto the collar and clamping the maize stalks takes less than 1 min. In contrast to the chamber enclosing only one individual maize plant proposed by Cai et al (2012) The leakage tests showed that the split chamber is slightly less air-tight than the original chamber, although the impact of leaks would be greater for the high concentration relative to ambient air tested in our laboratory experiments than for the typical smaller concentration increase in field measurements. We considered that the laboratory tests, using wooden sticks of 25 mm diameter, were suitable to simulate the effect of plant stalks on air-tightness, since these dummies were slightly thicker than the typical maximum maize stalk thickness and maize leaves are not expected to further impair tightness significantly due to their flexibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Fitting the two parts of the split chamber onto the collar and clamping the maize stalks takes less than 1 min. In contrast to the chamber enclosing only one individual maize plant proposed by Cai et al (), our chamber allows inclusion of all plants growing in the area of the chamber base and thus ensures a plant density representative of the entire plot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new chamber design for measuring nitrous oxide emissions in maize crops

Olfs

Westerschulte

Ruoss

et al. 2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural land are often estimated by measuring changes in N2O concentrations over a given period in the headspace of a gas‐sampling chamber covering a specific soil area. This technique is particularly challenging in tall growing row crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), to which farmers regularly apply fertilizer banded below the seeds to ensure good crop development. Placing chambers in the inter‐row space leads to bias in flux measurements, due to exclusion of fertilized and rhizosphere soil. Chambers for N2O flux measurements should therefore be placed centered over the row. A new split chamber for gas sampling was developed in this study from a closed, rectangular chamber (original chamber: 78 cm × 78 cm, 51 cm height). The new chamber is applicable for use for the complete maize growing cycle until harvest. For each flux measurement, the two parts of the chambers are placed in a gas‐tight seal on a collar previously inserted into soil covering a representative area of land. In a later growth stage, when plant height exceeds chamber height, stalks of developed maize plants can be fixed between the two chamber parts through a rubber‐tightening opening on the top of the chamber. Air tightness of the split chamber was tested in the laboratory and the split chamber was compared with the original chamber in a field experiment with slurry injection under maize seeds. The laboratory test demonstrated similar air tightness of both chamber types. The field test yielded almost identical N2O fluxes for the original chamber (244 µg N2O‐N m−1 h−1) and the split‐chamber (254 µg N2O‐N m−1 h−1). It can be concluded that the split chamber is an adequate gas‐sampling unit, with particular advantages when flux measurements are conducted in tall growing row crops.

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“…The total amounts of N 2 O and CO 2 emissions were calculated by linear interpolation between consecutive using the following equation (Cai et al 2012):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of factors controlling N2O and CO2 emissions from crop residues using different measurement approaches

et al. 2017

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Management of plant residues plays an important role in maintaining soil quality and nutrient availability for plants and microbes. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the factors controlling residue decomposition and their effects on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. This uncertainty is created both by the complexity of the processes involved and limitations in the methodologies commonly used to quantify GHG emissions. We therefore investigated the addition of two soil residues (durum wheat and faba bean) with similar C/N ratios but contrasting fibres, lignin and cellulose contents on nutrient dynamics and GHG emission from two contrasting soils: a low-soil organic carbon (SOC), high pH clay soil (Chromic Haploxerert) and a high-SOC, low pH sandy-loam soil (Eutric Cambisol). In addition, we compared the effectiveness of the use of an infrared gas analyser (IRGA) and a photoacoustic gas analyser (PGA) to measure GHG emissions with more conventional gas chromatography (GC). There was a strong correlation between the different measurement techniques which strengthens the case for the use of continuous measurement approaches involving IRGA and PGA analyses in studies of this type. The unamended Cambisol released 286% more CO 2 and 30% more N 2 O than the Haploxerert. Addition of plant residues increased CO 2 emissions more in the Haploxerert than Cambisol and N 2 O emission more in the Cambisol than in the Haploxerert. This may have been a consequence of the high N stabilization efficiency of the Haploxerert resulting from its high pH and the effect of the clay on mineralization of native organic matter. These results have implication management of plant residues in different soil types.

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Spatial variation of nitrous oxide emission between interrow soil and interrow plus row soil in a long-term maize cultivated sandy loam soil

Cited by 32 publications

References 49 publications

Net soil–atmosphere fluxes mask patterns in gross production and consumption of nitrous oxide and methane in a managed ecosystem

Net soil–atmosphere fluxes mask patterns in gross production and consumption of nitrous oxide and methane in a managed ecosystem

A new chamber design for measuring nitrous oxide emissions in maize crops

An assessment of factors controlling N2O and CO2 emissions from crop residues using different measurement approaches

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