Spatial variation in solutional denudation and soil moisture over a hillslope hollow

Crabtree, R. W.; Burt, Tim

doi:10.1002/esp.3290080206

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Weight loss results after seven weeks, shown in Table I, were consistent with the findings of previous researchers using gypsum spheres (Crabtree and Burt, 1983;Crabtree and Trudgill, 1984), decreasing outward and upslope from the lower levels of the hollow and indicating, as argued by Anderson and Burt (1977), Burt (1979), Kirkby andChorley (1965), andSinai et al (1981) that subsurface flow convergence follows slope morphology. Furthermore, weight loss of the mixture tablets was approximately three times the weight loss of the pure Rock Hard tablets, suggesting that the actual rate of dissolution of the tablet can be controlled by altering the Rock Hard-sodium sulphate proportions.…”

Section: Field Testingsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Long-term soil moisture conditions have been successfully monitored using the weight loss of gypsum spheres (Crabtree and Trudgill, 1984). Weighed spheres can be placed in the soil profile with minimal disturbance to soil structure or flow nets and undergo dissolution proportional to subsurface water flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The use of ‘rock hard’‐sodium sulphate tablets for quickly determining preferential water flow routes in soils

Renshaw

1989

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Subsurface water flow routes have been inferred from gypsum sphere weight loss with minimal disturbance to soil structure or flow nets (Crabtree and Trudgill, 1984). This technique is limited by the relatively slow, fixed dissolution of gypsum. A solution is to use tablets consisting of Durham's 'Rock Hard Water Putty' and sodium sulphate. Laboratory tests indicate that tablet dissolution is controlled by the ratio of Rock Hard to sodium sulphate and is proportional to net throughflow yet independent of throughflow pH (between 3.0 and 9.0) and throughflow rate (at rates < 0.04 1 hr-l). The tablets are also mechanically stable, economical, and environmentally safe. Field study results using the Rock Hard-sodium sulphate tablets are consistent with both the laboratory findings and the results of previous investigators.

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Section: Field Testingsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The use of ‘rock hard’‐sodium sulphate tablets for quickly determining preferential water flow routes in soils

Renshaw

1989

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Solutional effects will be increased by repeated renewal and flushing of water standing at chemical saturation. Rock tablet experiments by Crabtree and Burt (1983) have confirmed greater solutional denudation in a hollow. Ionic imbalance between freshly concentrated subsurface stormflow and residual soil moisture can weaken structural bonds maintained by electrochemical forces sufficiently for the simple viscous shear created by laminar flow to remove clays and colloids (Ingles and Metcalf, 1973).…”

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confidence: 57%

The initiation of natural drainage networks

Jones

1987

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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The initiation of drainage networks in the natural landscape has been a fundamental focal point for geomorphology since the dawn of modern scientific investigation, when Hutton (1975) and Playfair (1802) proposed that rivers occupy the valleys which they have created. Drainage networks are fundamental because water is the prime active ingredient in erosion and transportation processes in most landscapes, including many in regions normally deficient in water. Drainage processes exert essential controls on hillslope development as well as on channel development, not simply in the classical Davisian sense that landslope profiles are controlled by the rate of removal of material from the base of the slope. Drainage processes also form an integral part of the ensemble of processes acting within the hillslope domain. Despite the fact that in most geomorphological textbooks 'drainage networks' are still synonymous with 'channel networks', networks of drainage routes occur in a wide spectrum of scales from river channels to soil pores and many of the smaller scale networks may have equal or greater control over the evolution of hillslope form. I Interaction between different scales of network and initiating processesFour core types of network can be identified within this spectrum of drainage routes, although many intermediate and combined forms exist. These may be grouped as: 1) hollows, seepage lines and percolines; 2) macropores, pseudopipes and pipes; 3) groundwater drainage networks; and 4) rills, gullies and channels (Jones, 1971).Whilst all categories possess the most basic property of a network, which is linear concentration of flow, all Group 1 forms and a few Group 2 forms lack a definite linear void or open channel. Most attention has been directed to Group 4 forms, i.e. to open channels, but forms in groups 1 and 2 are currently receiving increased recognition and attention. Gregory (1979) noted that the drainage network consists of an 'amalgam of several types of link' and that classification of the elements within the network is important for modelling processes, interpreting recent changes and predicting future developments. Newson and Harrison (1978) produced a map of these links as a basis for channel studies in the Institute of Hydrology's Plynlimon catchments.

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“…There are two springs at the base of the hollow, forming a seepage zone. The threedimensional arrangement of the hollow and spurs governs hydrological flowpaths, and in turn strongly influences slope denudation and soil development (Anderson and Burt, 1978;Crabtree and Burt, 1983;Park et al, 1996). Two meteorological stations at different altitudes (96 m OD and 286 m OD) at Nettlecome Court Field Centre (ST 057377), about 6 km southwest from Bicknoller Combe, indicate the general climate of this locality.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 97%

The distribution of solute processes on an acid hillslope and the delivery of solutes to a stream: I. Exchangeable bases

Burt

Park

1999

Earth Surf. Process. Landforms

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This paper aims to identify the spatial distribution of exchangeable base cations in soils on an acid hillslope and to investigate possible cation release processes from slope soils to the stream. The basic assumption underlying this research is that the amount of exchangeable cations in soils reflects the nutrient stores and cation leaching processes across the slope where vegetation and parent materials are similar. The distribution of exchangeable Ca 2 , Mg 2 , K and Na has been investigated on a three-dimensional hillslope on the Quantock Hills, Somerset, UK. A two-way ANOVA shows that soil depth is predominant in explaining the total variance of exchangeable bases, despite the steep slope gradient and clear podzolic catena development. Major nutrient base cations, such as Ca 2 , Mg 2 and K , display homogeneous topsoil storage right across the slope. This spatial pattern may indicate that the spatial distribution of major nutrient cations is tightly controlled by the soil±vegetation system in nutrient-poor heathland environments. Na is an exception to this vegetationcontrolled spatial distribution, because of its small involvement in the soil±vegetation and soil exchangeable systems. In subsurface soils, cations liberated from the soil±vegetation system are subject to redistribution over the slope according to the hydrological flowpaths operating on the slope, with some eventually released into the stream. The saturated wedge developed at the base of the slope plays a key role in the storage and release processes of base cations from slope soils to the stream. Ca 2 , Mg 2 and Na carried by throughflow are stored in the saturated wedge and gradually released into the stream at times of high flow. K , however, shows an apparently different spatial behaviour, being deficient in the saturated wedge.

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Spatial variation in solutional denudation and soil moisture over a hillslope hollow

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

The use of ‘rock hard’‐sodium sulphate tablets for quickly determining preferential water flow routes in soils

The use of ‘rock hard’‐sodium sulphate tablets for quickly determining preferential water flow routes in soils

The initiation of natural drainage networks

The distribution of solute processes on an acid hillslope and the delivery of solutes to a stream: I. Exchangeable bases

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