“…This trend may be due to increased efforts to address water treatment and pollution control in Lake Manzala. The concentrations of the investigated metals were lower than those reported for Lake Burullus [42] but higher than those reported for Lake Nasser [43], the Mediterranean [44] and Red seas [45], the Suez Bay [46], and the British coast [37]. These results may indicate that Lake Manzala sediments are moderately affected by waste inflows.Fig.…”
Lake Manzala is the largest and most productive lake of Egypt's northern coastal lakes and has socio-economic impacts. Pollution by heavy metals is the most significant type of pollution worldwide, particularly in Lake Manzala, which receives mixed discharges from densely populated areas. Water samples were collected at twelve sites around the lake in winter and summer of 2015. Samples of
Eichhornia crassipes
were collected in the winter, and
Oreochromis niloticus
samples were collected at two sites (8 and 10). V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn were analysed in these samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The average metal concentrations were below the internationally accepted upper permissible limits and are improved compared to those in previous studies. However, the metal concentrations at the eastern and southeastern sites were higher than the allowable limits due to multiple waste discharges. Pollution assessment using pollution risk indicators indicated low to moderate concentrations of metal enrichment in the sediment and biota of the lake, except at sites near the eastern and southeastern drains; these latter sites were considered to be hazardous and should be taken into account in the current development efforts of the lake. Complete removal of floating plants transported by drains is recommended
.
“…This trend may be due to increased efforts to address water treatment and pollution control in Lake Manzala. The concentrations of the investigated metals were lower than those reported for Lake Burullus [42] but higher than those reported for Lake Nasser [43], the Mediterranean [44] and Red seas [45], the Suez Bay [46], and the British coast [37]. These results may indicate that Lake Manzala sediments are moderately affected by waste inflows.Fig.…”
Lake Manzala is the largest and most productive lake of Egypt's northern coastal lakes and has socio-economic impacts. Pollution by heavy metals is the most significant type of pollution worldwide, particularly in Lake Manzala, which receives mixed discharges from densely populated areas. Water samples were collected at twelve sites around the lake in winter and summer of 2015. Samples of
Eichhornia crassipes
were collected in the winter, and
Oreochromis niloticus
samples were collected at two sites (8 and 10). V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn were analysed in these samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The average metal concentrations were below the internationally accepted upper permissible limits and are improved compared to those in previous studies. However, the metal concentrations at the eastern and southeastern sites were higher than the allowable limits due to multiple waste discharges. Pollution assessment using pollution risk indicators indicated low to moderate concentrations of metal enrichment in the sediment and biota of the lake, except at sites near the eastern and southeastern drains; these latter sites were considered to be hazardous and should be taken into account in the current development efforts of the lake. Complete removal of floating plants transported by drains is recommended
.
“…The surface water quality of a region depends to a large extent on environmental factors (temperature changes, precipitation and soil erosion) and human input (discharge of municipal and industrial wastewater and over-exploitation of water resources) [ 3 ]. Among them, the discharge of urban sewage and industrial wastewater is a continuous source of pollution, so effective control of sewage discharge is of great significance to the improvement of water quality [ 4 , 5 ].…”
Multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA), were used to evaluate temporal and spatial variations in and to interpret large and complex water quality datasets collected from the Shuangji River Basin. The datasets, which contained 19 parameters, were generated during the 2 year (2018–2020) monitoring programme at 14 different sites (3192 observations) along the river. Hierarchical CA was used to divide the twelve months into three periods and the fourteen sampling sites into three groups. Discriminant analysis identified four parameters (CODMn, Cu, As, Se) loading more than 68% correct assignations in temporal analysis, while seven parameters (COD, TP, CODMn, F, LAS, Cu and Cd) to load 93% correct assignations in spatial analysis. The FA/PCA identified six factors that were responsible for explaining the data structure of 68% of the total variance of the dataset, allowing grouping of selected parameters based on common characteristics and assessing the incidence of overall change in each group. This study proposes the necessity and practicality of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluating and interpreting large and complex data sets, with a view to obtaining better information about water quality and the design of monitoring networks to effectively manage water resources.
“…Heavy metal pollutions are particularly hazardous contaminants in food and a significant problem in the environment. Several organizations have pointed out the need for monitoring trace metal levels in the marine environment [1] [2]. It is known that some shrimp and crab may provide useful means of monitoring such heavy metal concentrations and their impact on the marine environment.…”
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