Spatial Variability of Surface Radiation Fluxes in Mountainous Terrain

Oliphant, A. J.; Spronken‐Smith, Rachel; Sturman, Andrew; Owens, I. F.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0113:svosrf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 111 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Radiation trends in the western US could be influenced by local terrain (Oliphant et al, 2003;Wen et al, 2009) influences as well as episodic long-range pollution transport, which may contribute to the lack of a clear relationship be-tween trends in aerosol burden and surface radiation at these locations. As stated by Gan et al (2014a), the long-range transport of aerosol/dust plumes can cause enhancements in both surface aerosol concentrations and AOD (Gan et al, 2008;Mathur, 2008;Miller et al, 2011;Uno et al, 2011) and possibly contribute to the noted trends of tropospheric aerosol burden both at the surface and aloft.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Long-term simulations with the coupled WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multi-scale Air Quality) model have been conducted to systematically investigate the changes in anthropogenic emissions of SO 2 and NO x over the past 16 years (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010) across the United States (US), their impacts on anthropogenic aerosol loading over North America, and subsequent impacts on regional radiation budgets. In particular, this study attempts to determine the consequences of the changes in tropospheric aerosol burden arising from substantial reductions in emissions of SO 2 and NO x associated with control measures under the Clean Air Act (CAA) especially on trends in solar radiation. Extensive analyses conducted by Gan et al. (2014a) utilizing observations (e.g., SURFRAD, CASTNET, IMPROVE, and ARM) over the past 16 years (1995-2010) indicate a shortwave (SW) radiation (both allsky and clear-sky) "brightening" in the US. The relationship of the radiation brightening trend with decreases in the aerosol burden is less apparent in the western US. One of the main reasons for this is that the emission controls under the CAA were aimed primarily at reducing pollutants in areas violating national air quality standards, most of which were located in the eastern US, while the relatively less populated areas in the western US were less polluted at the beginning of this study period. Comparisons of model results with observations of aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol concentration, and radiation demonstrate that the coupled WRF-CMAQ model is capable of replicating the trends well even though it tends to underestimate the AOD. In particular, the sulfate concentration predictions were well matched with the observations. The discrepancies found in the clear-sky diffuse SW radiation are likely due to several factors such as the potential increase of ice particles associated with increasing air traffic, the definition of "clear-sky" in the radiation retrieval methodology, and aerosol semi-direct and/or indirect effects which cannot be readily isolated from the observed data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States

et al. 2015

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“…However, the spatial configuration of the landscape has significant effects on both the surface energy fluxes and the multi-scale circulations (Oliphant et al 2003;Zhou et al 2011). Vertically discretized land surface modeling enables better estimations of the surface fluxes as well as superior reproductions of their temporal and spatial patterns (Naudts et al 2015).…”

Section: Effects Of Sub-surface Soil Water Mixing On Carbon Flux Estimentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Evaluation of JULES Surface Tiling Scheme with High-Resolution Atmospheric Forcing and Land Cover Data

Park

Lee²,

2018

SOLA

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Land surface heterogeneity exists at all spatial scales and has many important effects on energy, momentum and mass exchange between land and atmosphere. Land surface models (LSMs) partially consider surface subgrid heterogeneity (SSGH) effects through surface tiling methods. In this study, a series of numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) LSM's surface tiling scheme by combining atmospheric forcing data and landcover fraction data at different horizontal resolutions. Our tests quantitatively show that the surface tiling scheme can have a significant impact on model simulated fields, but cannot reflect SSGH effects adequately. Soil is considered to be homogeneous across a single grid cell in the current surface tiling scheme, which results in soil-moisture dependent anomalies in simulated carbon flux. Our numerical results indicate that the current JULES LSM needs additional updates to consider subgrid scale heterogeneities of subsurface processes and soil-vegetation interactions.

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“…Stations with altitude higher than 1000 m were selected. Since the elevation is one of the most significant factor of surface radiation spatial variability (Oliphant et al, 2003), stations were not used for evaluation if the difference between the station elevation and the elevation of the four closest AROME and LSA SAF grid points was higher than 300 m. The resulting observation database, represented in Table 1.…”

Section: In Situ Irradiance Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite products of incoming solar and longwave radiations used for snowpack modelling in mountainous terrain

Quéno¹,

Karbou²,

Vionnet³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. In mountainous terrain, the snowpack is strongly affected by incoming shortwave and longwave radiations. In this study, a thorough evaluation of the incoming solar and longwave radiation products (DSSF and DSLF) derived from the Meteosat Second Generation satellite was undertaken in the French Alps and the Pyrenees. The satellite products were compared with forecast fields from the meteorological model AROME and with analyses fields from the SAFRAN system. 5A new satellite-derived product (DSLFnew) was developed by combining satellite observations and AROME forecasts. An evaluation against in situ measurements showed lower errors for DSSF than AROME and SAFRAN in terms of solar irradiances. For longwave irradiances, contrasted results falling in the range of uncertainty of sensors did not enable us to select the best product. Spatial comparisons of the different datasets over the Alpine and Pyrenean domains highlighted a better 10 representation of the spatial variability of solar fluxes by DSSF and AROME than SAFRAN. We also showed that the altitudinal gradient of longwave irradiance is too strong for DSLFnew and too weak for SAFRAN. These datasets were then used as radiative forcing together with AROME near-surface forecasts to drive distributed snowpack simulations by the model Crocus in the French Alps and the Pyrenees. An evaluation against in-situ snow depth measurements showed higher bi-15 ases when using satellite-derived products, despite their quality. This effect is attributed to some error compensations in the atmospheric forcing and the snowpack model. However, satellite-derived radiation products are judged beneficial for snowpack modelling in mountains, when the error compensations are solved.

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Spatial Variability of Surface Radiation Fluxes in Mountainous Terrain

Cited by 111 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States

Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States

Numerical Evaluation of JULES Surface Tiling Scheme with High-Resolution Atmospheric Forcing and Land Cover Data

Satellite products of incoming solar and longwave radiations used for snowpack modelling in mountainous terrain

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Spatial Variability of Surface Radiation Fluxes in Mountainous Terrain

Cited by 111 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation &quot;brightening&quot; in the United States

Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation &quot;brightening&quot; in the United States

Numerical Evaluation of JULES Surface Tiling Scheme with High-Resolution Atmospheric Forcing and Land Cover Data

Satellite products of incoming solar and longwave radiations used for snowpack modelling in mountainous terrain

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Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States

Assessment of long-term WRF–CMAQ simulations for understanding direct aerosol effects on radiation "brightening" in the United States