“…The increased input of OM increases the soil cationic exchange capacity, which can reduce the leaching rate of positively charged nutrients like Ca 2+ , potassium (K + ), and magnesium (Mg 2 + ) (Mbah, 2008). However, the leaching of soil K through irrigation water, limited recycling of crop residue, continuous cropping, and soil erosion have contributed to the depletion of basic cations on agricultural lands compared to agroforestry and grasslands (Akbas, Gunal, & Acir, 2017;Lechisa, Achalu, & Alemayehu, 2014;Srivastava, Johansen, Neupane, & Joshi, 2005). Interestingly, several places in Chaulahi village within the study area had high OM but were recorded with low K value, which could be due to the high erosion losses at those sites, which were alongside riverbanks.…”