Spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall in a eucalyptus plantation in the hilly lowlands of southeastern Brazil

Sato, Anderson Mululo; Avelar, André de Souza; Netto, Ana Luíza Coelho

doi:10.1002/hyp.7947

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, TF heterogeneity was significantly greater in the inner and mid-canopies compared with the canopy periphery. These findings suggest that canopy structure influences TF variability (see also Staelens et al, 2006;Nanko et al, 2011;Pypker et al, 2011;Sato et al, 2011); however, our results also suggest that the way in which canopy structure influences TF variability is complex. Although canopy cover fraction was significantly negatively correlated with TF% when all gauges were pooled, when each of the three below-canopy zones was considered separately, only canopy cover fraction was negatively correlated with TF% in the mid-canopy zone under the two smallest rain depth classes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

“…However, this pattern is not universal, with some researchers (e.g. Ford and Deans, 1978;Robson et al, 1994;Sato et al, 2011) finding the opposite to be truethat TF generally deceases with increasing distance from the bole or that the position of greatest TF input is located mid-way between the tree bole and the canopy periphery (Carleton and Kavanagh, 1990;Nanko et al, 2011) or that no relationship between TF quantity and the position of the gauge relative to the tree bole exists (Loustau et al, 1992;Gómez et al, 2002;Loescher et al, 2002). Keim et al (2005) found that the relationship between TF depth and distance to the nearest tree bole varied depending on species and age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staelens et al, 2006;Fathizadeh et al, 2014) and given the range and frequency of rain event depths, cumulative TF was derived for four rain depth classes: <2 mm (n = 10), 2 to <5 mm (n = 8), 5 to <10 mm (n = 13) and ≥10 mm (n = 7). Additionally, for meaningful comparisons among the different rain depth classes, TF was expressed as a percentage of cumulative rainfall, TF% (Sato et al, 2011;Fathizadeh et al, 2014). There was a tendency for TF% to increase with both increasing distance from the tree bole and increasing size of the rainfall depth class ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Absolute and Relative Throughfall Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keim et al, 2005;Gerrits et al, 2010) and temperate coniferous forests (e.g. Raat et al, 2002;Keim et al, 2005;Carlyle-Moses et al, 2014), as well as within a eucalyptus plantation (Sato et al, 2011). Additionally, the temporal stability of TF spatial variability has been examined at the tree scale for two deciduous species (Staelens et al, 2006;Fathizadeh et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal persistence of throughfall heterogeneity below and between the canopies of juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

Carlyle-Moses

Lishman

2015

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:From May to October 2010, throughfall associated with 38 rainfall events in three below-canopy zones (inner canopy, midcanopy and canopy periphery) of nine juvenile lodgepole pine trees and in open areas between canopies was measured along north, south, east and west transects radiating from each tree bole. Median cumulative throughfall (%) significantly differed among the canopy zones under differing rain depth classes and was negatively correlated with tree size metrics, but only for certain combinations of canopy zones and rain depth classes. Although median cumulative throughfall (%) was negatively correlated with canopy cover fraction when all below-canopy gauges were considered, this relationship only held true for the inner-canopy and mid-canopy zones under relatively small rain depth classes. Additionally, cumulative throughfall (%) was often dependent on transect direction, with event throughfall showing a dependence on the direction of storm origin. Throughfall coefficient of variation (%) also varied by zone and was a function of not only rainfall depth but also other storm variables such as the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity and the number and duration of intra-storm breaks. Temporal persistence of throughfall was assessed using time stability plots and Spearman rank coefficients of rain event and depth class pairings for all gauges and by canopy zone, and the influence of temporal lag and meteorological variables on persistence was assessed. The implications of our findings on throughfall sampling and for future ecohydrological studies in juvenile lodgepole pine and similar stands are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Absolute and Relative Throughfall Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Temporal persistence of throughfall heterogeneity below and between the canopies of juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

Carlyle-Moses

Lishman

2015

Hydrological Processes

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“…This was done to distribute the collectors under a range of tree canopies that represented the full range of tree size classes found across the study site. This design was utilised considering the uniform canopy of the clonal eucalypt crop, the intended use of the samples in water quality assessments and acceptable error limits of the design (Kimmins, 1973;Lawrence and Fernandez, 1993;Mululo Sato et al, 2011). Water drained from the funnels via polyurethane tubing was collected and stored in 5 ℓ white high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of soil moisture relations between standing and clearfelled plots with burnt and unburnt harvest residue treatments of a clonal <i>eucalypt</i> plantation on the Zululand Coastal Plain, South Africa

Dovey¹,

Clercq²,

Toit³

2011

WSA

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The effects of clearfelling and subsequent residue retention or burning on water and nutrient balances needs to be understood and quantified on forest sites that are sensitive to loss, so that the long-term sustainable productivity of such sites can be maintained and promoted. An experimental site was established in a clonal eucalypt compartment on the Zululand Coastal Plain, to compare changes in water fluxes through the mature undisturbed eucalypt stand with those after felling and re-planting, under 2 conditions: burning, and retention of the harvesting residues. The study was located in an area of high rainfall and high stand productivity, with sandy soils and low soil carbon and nutrient status; chosen so that the effects of intensive demands on water and nutrient fluxes on a potentially sensitive site could be investigated. This paper presents only the hydrological component of the study. Data collection included weekly determination of rainfall, throughfall, stemflow and soil moisture fluxes from the surface to a depth of 1 m. Drainage rates through the profile were established using time domain reflectometry probes while water drainage volumes were assessed using shallow plate lysimeters. Despite slow growth in the unfelled crop during the monitoring period (attributed to a pest infestation), soil moisture depletion remained rapid and drainage below 1 m remained low. Soil moisture was recharged within a few months after clearfelling, but became rapidly depleted as the canopy of new crop developed and approached canopy closure. A decreased wetting-front velocity and a marginally higher field capacity were proposed as evidence of pore clogging that appeared to occur during the inter-rotation period. The soil profile under the unburnt residue maintained a marginally higher soil moisture status and lower drainage than the soil profile under the burnt residue. Although soil moisture and drainage in the burnt and unburnt residue treatments became similar to the unfelled crop from canopy closure onwards, rainfall additions to soil moisture were depleted faster under the new crop during the first few months after canopy closure. Small differences in soil moisture status between the burnt and unburnt residue treatments presented here may not be sufficient to influence residue management decisions. The length of the inter-rotation period and practice of residue burning may, however, need consideration where soil carbon and nutrient loss or displacement may negatively affect the sustainability of the site.

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Immediate change in throughfall spatial distribution and canopy water balance after heavy thinning in a dense mature Japanese cypress plantation

et al. 2015

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This study revealed the influence of change in forest canopy structure by forest management practice for throughfall generation and canopy water interception process. Throughfall and stemflow were observed in a mature Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantation before and after thinning. Decreased stem density (from 2400 to 1300 trees ha À1 ) and basal area (from 107.6 to 60.4 m 2 ha À1 ) resulted in an increase in the throughfall fraction (from 58% to 79%) and decreases in the stemflow fraction (from 14% to 8.6%) and the canopy interception loss fraction (from 27% to 12%). Thinning also decreased spatial variability in throughfall and smoothed temporal persistence of throughfall among sampling points or rainfall events. These results were supported by the change in the throughfall balance between direct throughfall and released throughfall. The proportion of direct throughfall of incident rainfall changed from 0.16 to 0.42 owing to an increase in canopy gap. The distribution ratio of released throughfall from intercepted rainwater by canopy changed from 50% to 64% because of a decrease in foliage; this led to lower water storage in the canopy (from 1.83 to 0.82 mm), and thus less precipitation was needed to saturate the canopy. Consequently, the amount of throughfall increased and less precipitation was needed to stabilize the water flow path during the post-thinning period. This study contributes to knowledge of differential canopy wetting processes and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of throughfall distribution in response to specific silvicultural prescription.

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Spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall in a eucalyptus plantation in the hilly lowlands of southeastern Brazil

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Temporal persistence of throughfall heterogeneity below and between the canopies of juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

Temporal persistence of throughfall heterogeneity below and between the canopies of juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

A comparison of soil moisture relations between standing and clearfelled plots with burnt and unburnt harvest residue treatments of a clonal <i>eucalypt</i> plantation on the Zululand Coastal Plain, South Africa

Immediate change in throughfall spatial distribution and canopy water balance after heavy thinning in a dense mature Japanese cypress plantation

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