Spatial Variability and Geostatistical Analysis of Soil Properties in the Diversified Cropping Regions of Bangladesh Using Geographic Information System Techniques

Abstract

Mapping of soil properties is an important operation as it plays an important role in the knowledge about soil properties and how it can be used sustainably. The study was carried out in a local government area in Bangladesh in order to map out some soil properties and assess their variability within the area. From the study area, a total of 92 soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from different cropping patterns at an interval of 2.2 × 2.2 km2 on a regular grid design. A portable global positioning system (GPS) was used to collect coordinates of each sampling site. Then, soil properties, that is, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (Total N), and soil available nutrients (P, K, and S) were measured in the laboratory. After the normalization of data, classical statistics were used to describe the soil properties, and geostatistical analysis was used to illustrate the spatial variability of the soil properties by using kriging interpolation techniques in a GIS environment. Results show that the spatial distribution and spatial dependency level of soil properties can be different even within the small or large scale. According to cross-validation results, for most soil properties, the kriging interpolation method provided the least interpolation error. The generated maps of soil properties that indicate soil nutrient status over the study region could be helpful for farmers and decision-makers to enhance site-specific nutrient management. Also, these prototype maps would be helpful for future nutrient and fertilizer applications management, including a site-specific condition to not only reduce the cost of input management but also prevent any environmental hazard. It also demonstrates that the effectiveness of geostatistics and GIS techniques provided a powerful tool for this study in terms of regionalized nutrient management.

Geospatial Variability of Soil Properties of the Different Villages in Arajiline Block of Varanasi District of Uttar Pradesh

“…Out of 40 soil samples 12.5% and 47.5% belonged to the neutral category and 40% belonged to the moderately saline category. The soils of study area were saline in reaction due to the inherent heterogeneity of soils, fertilizer management practices, and to some extent, the influence of resource region-specific cultural differences (Khan et al, 2021). Electrical conductivity was a measure of the soluble salt concentration present in the soil.…”

Classification of agricultural land consolidation types based on soil security to improve limiting factors adapted to local soil conditions

“…The human use of agricultural land, including irrigation, fertilization, weeding, pest control, and other technical measures, influences soil's physical and chemical properties (Tahat et al, 2020). The principal physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil under different agricultural systems vary depending on land management practices, crop cultivation methods, and the frequency and amount of chemicals applied (Khan et al, 2021). Different soil constituents constantly participate in physical, chemical, and biological processes and influence each other.…”

Penerapan Sistem Informasi Geografis (Sig) Untuk Menganalisis Perubahan Spasial Sifat Fisika Tanah Areal Pertanian Kecamatan Ranomeeto

“…Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan semivariogram dan mencari model terbaik yang mampu mengambarkan struktur spasial dari sifat fisika tanah yang di uji. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian terdahulu yang mana dalam penelitiannya ini menyatakan bahwa dalam melakukan analisis dengan metode geostatistika diawali dengan perhitungan semivariogram dan kemudian menentukan model semivariogram terbaik yang akan digunakan dalam estimasi titik-titik yang tidak dilakukan pengukuran sifat fisika tanah [13] Ratio yang tinggi mengindikasikan variabilitas spasial dikontrol oleh faktor stochastic [18]. Faktor stochastic terdiri dari pemupukan, penggelolaan lahan pertanian, sistem tanam (cropping system), dan berbagai aktivitas manusia lainnya.…”