Spatial trends of chlorinated paraffins and dechloranes in air and soil in a tropical urban, suburban, and rural environment

Nipen, Maja; Vogt, Rolf D.; Bohlin‐Nizzetto, Pernilla; Borgå, Katrine; Mwakalapa, Eliezer Brown; Borgen, Anders; Jørgensen, Susanne Jøntvedt; Ntapanta, Samwel Moses; Mmochi, Aviti J.; Schlabach, Martin; Breivik, Knut

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118298

Cited by 18 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Although DP showed strong positive correlations with both the legacy POPs ( 32 PCBs and 25 PBDEs) and the other CECs (aBFRs and CPs) (p < 0.001 for all), the continued presence of DP in sediments over decades demonstrate that it is not a "new" contaminant in this region. Spatial trends and elevated levels of DP in air and soil in Dar es Salaam suggest e-waste as an important source (Nipen et al, 2021). The levels of DP in the surface sediment layer were higher than the highest concentrations found in urban soil (5.0 ng/g dw).…”

Section: Cecsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Spatial trends suggested that municipal waste and e-waste were important sources (Nipen et al, 2021). Surface sediment concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were comparable to or higher than the highest soil concentration found in urban areas (1600 and 3200 ng/g dw, respectively, (Nipen et al, 2021). Moreover, congener group profiles of CPs in sediments were more comparable to urban soil than to urban air (SI Text 2).…”

Section: Cecsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Elevated levels of CPs have been measured in air and soil in and around Dar es Salaam. Spatial trends suggested that municipal waste and e-waste were important sources (Nipen et al, 2021). Surface sediment concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs were comparable to or higher than the highest soil concentration found in urban areas (1600 and 3200 ng/g dw, respectively, (Nipen et al, 2021).…”

Section: Cecsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Methods used for sample preparation and chemical analysis are detailed in the supplementary information (SI) and previously described for soils in Nipen et al (2021). Only a summary is provided here.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing Trends of Legacy and Emerging Organic Contaminants in a Dated Sediment Core From East-Africa

Nipen

Vogt

Bohlin‐Nizzetto

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Temporal trends of industrial organic contaminants can show how environmental burdens respond to changes in production, regulation, and other anthropogenic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have documented such trends from the Northern Hemisphere, while there is very limited data in the literature from sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that the temporal trends of legacy and contemporary industrial contaminants in sub-Saharan Africa could greatly differ from the regions in which many of these chemicals were initially produced and more extensively used. For this purpose, a dated sediment core covering six decades from a floodplain system in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was analysed. The samples were analysed for selected legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs)] and chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) [alternative brominated flame retardants (aBFRs), chlorinated paraffins (CPs), and dechloranes]. All groups of chemicals showed a steep increase in concentrations towards the uppermost sediment layers reflecting the more recent years. Concentrations of the individual compound groups in surface sediment were found in the order CPs >> aBFRs ∼ ∑25PBDEs > dechloranes ∼ ∑32PCBs. Time trends for the individual compounds and compound groups differed, with ∑32PCBs showing presence in sediments since at least the early 1960s, while some CECs first occurred in sediments corresponding to the last decade. Investigations into potential drivers for the observed trends showed that socioeconomic factors related to growth in population, economy, and waste generation have contributed to increasing concentrations of PBDEs, aBFRs, CPs, and Dechlorane Plus. Further monitoring of temporal trends of industrial organic contaminants in urban areas in the Global South is recommended.

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Section: Cecsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Cecsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Cecsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Sample Preparation and Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increasing Trends of Legacy and Emerging Organic Contaminants in a Dated Sediment Core From East-Africa

Nipen

Vogt

Bohlin‐Nizzetto

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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show abstract

“…For the second study component, eight samples were collected along a transect (12 km) covering the city's main municipal waste dumpsite and an e-waste recycling facility 20 km west of Dar es Salaam. Soil samples were collected from 28 locations in February 2019, as described in Nipen et al 40 Table S1 in the ESI † provides detailed information on sampling locations.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%