Spatial-temporal Variations of Bovine Tuberculosis Incidence in France between 1965 and 2000

Abstract

We analysed the spatiotemporal variations of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) incidence between 1965 and 2000 in France at the department level (95 areas). Using a Bayesian space-time model, we studied the association between the evolution of bTB incidence and changes of cattle population structure and of herd management practices. Several spatiotemporal hierarchical Bayesian models were compared, and the deviance information criterion was used to select the best of them. Southern France remained a high-risk area over the analysed period, whereas central and western regions were low-risk areas. Besides the frequency of tuberculin skin testing (fixed according to bTB incidence in the preceding years), four factors were associated with an increased risk of bTB: the average herd density and size, the percentage of dairy cows in the cattle population, and the percentage of permanent grassland in cultivated surfaces area. These four factors are linked to the progressive professionalization and specialization of cattle farming, with the disappearance of family farms and of the intensification of breeding systems (especially in dairy farms after the application of the milk quota system in the 1980s). Both trends probably played a significant role in reducing the risk of bTB in France between 1965 and 2000, besides mandatory detection and control procedures.

Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Our analysis also indicated the presence of temporal heterogeneity ( R 2 = 7.04%) over the 74‐year time frame (1942–2016) represented by the included studies (Table ). While the specific source(s) of this heterogeneity is unclear, contributors may include differences in environmental conditions over time (Humblet et al., ) (Bekara, Azizi, Bénet, & Durand, ), the number of studies within each time interval, animals tested, test operators’ skills/methods and the diagnostic tests themselves. Recent studies have also shown that the quality, origin and source of tuberculin used are variable within tuberculin‐based tests, highlighting a lack of standardization (Bakker et al., ).…”

Spatial patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) cases in Zimbabwe from 2015 to 2018

“…The technique tests whether there is any systematic pattern in the distribution of TB notifications among districts of Zimbabwe as opposed to being randomly distributed. The index ranges from -1 to +1 with a score of zero indicating no clustering while a positive value suggests that the distribution of TB cases in neighbouring districts is more spatially aggregated than a random pattern [ 43 , 44 ]. In contrast, a negative value suggests dispersion of TB cases at the district level.…”

Draft Genome Sequences of Three Mycobacterium bovis Strains Identified in Cattle and Wildlife in France

“…In France, an officially BT-free member of the European Union (EU), Mycobacterium bovis remains endemic in a few regions of the country ( 5 ). The in-depth genetic study of strains of M. bovis responsible for the persistence of outbreaks revealed several strains with a genotypic profile associated with localization to a specific region ( 6 ).…”