Spatial-temporal distribution, abundance, diversity and mortality of birds on road network in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania

Abstract

Vehicle collisions with wild animals are acknowledged as a non-negligible source of death of wild birds and often affect their spatial-temporal distribution, abundance and diversity. However, data to ascertain the impact of road kills on wild birds are scarce, especially around the Serengeti Ecosystem in Tanzania. This work aims to investigate the impact of road kills on wild birds and their spatial-temporal distribution, abundance and diversity in the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania. Five road transects each with a length of 40 km were established within the main roads of the Serengeti ecosystem. Bird surveys were conducted in the morning and afternoon in both wet and dry seasons (March and August 2015), respectively. The study results indicated that, 1472 birds have been inventoried which belong to 42 families, 62 genera and 98 species. Mean number of individual birds was the highest in wooded grassland and species richness was also the highest in grassland habitats. In addition, more birds were observed during the wet than dry season. Birds' mean abundance was higher during the morning than afternoon, especially in the grassland. In the ecosystem, 31 individual birds belonging to 19 species that were distributed in five families were found killed along the road networks. In the Seronera-Fort Ikoma transect, more bird species were killed in roads with higher traffic volume during the morning than afternoon compared to other transects in the area. On the contrary, the extent of the road kill was the highest in wooded grassland. This study recommends that increased road kills could be regulated within the ecosystem by placing signposts at the entrance and visitors' centre in conjunction with educational programs to raise road users' awareness on the impact of road kills for biodiversity conservation in the area.

Spatial-temporal and Factors Influencing the Distribution of Biodiversity: A Review

“…High-altitude, high-rainfall areas of Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe have montane forests, while lowland tropical moist forests are predominantly found in Angola and Uganda. Furthermore, the semi-arid savanna ecosystems of Africa are characterized by substantial geographical and temporal volatility in fodder availability, which affects both animal and livestock population mobility (Ally et al, 2018). Spatially, vegetation variability occurs ranging from very fine-scale (plant level) to regional scale (landscape level), resulting in pronounced patches of quality and availability of forage.…”