Spatial−temporal analysis of HIV/AIDS and syphilis in mainland China from 2007 to 2017

Huang, Jiaofeng; Wu, Haicong; Lin, Su; Lu, Lingling; Zheng, Jiaolong; Liu, Bang; Kumar, Rahul; Li, Dongliang

doi:10.1002/jmv.27725

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, the improvements was seen in incidence and mortality of STDs, particularly AIDS/HIV [12]. The de ned grouping of older people have experienced an especially pronounced increase in the morbidity of syphilis which was on the increase across all age ranges between 2007 and 2017 [13]. The current study has revealed much higher incidence and mortality from syphilis among the older population, especially for the 80 + group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases in older people of mainland China: review of 15-year national surveillance data

Guo

Dong

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The threat posed by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS/HIV and HBV, to the elderly Chinese population remains unclear. Methods National surveillance data, including case numbers, numbers of deaths, incidence and mortality, on 4 STDs from 2004–2018 was collated. Subjects were divided into two groups of older (aged ≥ 60) and younger (aged＜60) participants. The older group subdivided into those aged 60+ (ages 60–69), 70+ (ages 70–79) and 80+ (≥ 80). Time periods, 2004–2008, 2009–2013 and 2014–2018 were examined. Comparison of epidemiological characteristics between older and younger groups, the 3 sub-divisions of the older groups and incidence trends of the 4 diseases among older participants were analyzed using the χ2 test. Results STDs incidence was significantly different between older and younger participants. Incidences of syphilis, AIDS/HIV and HBV among older were higher than younger subjects following the years 2006, 2010 and 2015, Besides, the incidences of syphilis, AIDS/HIV and HBV showed increasing trends in 2004–2018. Mortality from all 4 diseases was also higher among older than younger subject. Moreover, mortality from AIDS/HIV increased between 2004 and 2018. Analysis of the 3 sub-divisions of the older group showed that 60 + participants had the highest incidence of gonorrhea, AIDS/HIV and HBV; 70 + participants had the highest mortality from AIDS/HIV and the fastest growth rate of AIDS/HIV incidence and mortality. Conclusion Syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS/HIV and HBV constituted a threat to the health of older people in China in the time period 2004–2018.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases in older people of mainland China: review of 15-year national surveillance data

Guo

Dong

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Although the study period of 12 months is relatively short compared to other multi-year impact studies [42,43], the observed trend is significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Trend of new cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections in two health facilities in the Northern Cameroon between 2021-2022

Djataou,

Djuidje,

Nguefack-Tsague

et al. 2024

Preprint

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HIV/AIDS continues to be a global public health problem. Studies of the incidence and prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that may contribute to or aggravate its acquisition remain an effective means of prevention. In recent years, terrorist groups have established themselves in the northern regions of Cameroon. This insecurity has led to a large influx of refugees with no information about their HIV and STI status. Given this above mentioned situation, this study aimed to assess the incidence and prevalence of HIV and STI and their associated risk factors in order to adjust strategies to monitor the epidemic. A cohort of 684 consenting participants from the North and Far North were enrolled in the study in 2021 and followed up in 2022 to measure the incidence and prevalence of HIV and to assess some associated risk factors. Each participant was administered a pretested questionnaire to collect sociodemographic variables and risk behaviors. Anti-HIV Ab, HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen), TPHA (Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay) tests were performed. The data were compiled using EPI Info 7.5.2 for epidemiological analyses. The association between co-infections of HIV, Hepatitis, and syphilis and HIV incidence was evaluated using the Chi-2 test. The HIV incidence and overall prevalence were 1.63% (163/10,000 population) and 3.8%, respectively. The HIV incidence increased from 0.27% in 2017 (DHS) to 1.63% in the North and Far North regions as found in our study. The incidences of syphilis and hepatitis B were 1.03% and 4.56%, respectively. Factors associated with HIV acquisition included religion (Muslims being more infected, P<0.03), unprotected sex with a new partner (P<0.007), having a sex worker as a partner (P<0.0001), and co-infection with syphilis and hepatitis B (P<0.05). The findings also link increased HIV incidence to insecurity and population displacement. In HIV prevention strategies, it is important to consider the security and political stability context as well as HIV-associated infections such as hepatitis B and syphilis.

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“…In Brazil, regional-level data identified regions with high migration and high tourist levels as “hotspots” for congenital syphilis ( 34 ). In China and Brazil, geospatial methods identified divergence in the development of syphilis and HIV epidemics ( 35 , 36 ), while in South Africa, a cross-sectional spatial analysis of HIV and syphilis hotspots also showed that they did not overlap ( 37 ). In China, syphilis prevalence was associated with areas of rapid economic development ( 38 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of gestational syphilis in Malawi between 2014 and 2022: spatiotemporal modeling of population-level factors

Chirombo,

Majamanda,

Gunsaru

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundMother-to-child transmission of syphilis remains high especially in the WHO AFRO region with a prevalence of 1.62%, resulting in a congenital syphilis rate of 1,119 per 100,000 live births. Elimination efforts can be supported by an understanding of the spatial and temporal changes in disease over time, which can identify priority areas for targeted interventions aimed at reducing transmission.MethodsWe collated routine surveillance data from health facilities and covariate data from demographic and health surveys conducted in Malawi between 2014 and 2022. We fitted a Bayesian hierarchical mixed model with spatial and temporally structured random effects to model the district-level monthly counts of maternal syphilis notifications as a function of individual- and district-level predictors. We then generated district-level spatiotemporally explicit risk profiles to estimate the effect of individual- and district-level covariates on maternal syphilis notifications and to identify hotspot areas.ResultsOverall, the national prevalence of maternal syphilis increased from 0.28% (95% CI: 0.27–0.29%) in 2014 to peaking in 2021 at 1.92% (95% CI: 1.89–1.96%). Between 2020 and 2022, there was a decline in prevalence, with the most significant decline seen in Zomba District (1.40, 95% CI: 1.12–1.66%). In regression models, a one percentage point increase in district-level antenatal HIV prevalence was associated with increased maternal syphilis (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.15, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.10–1.21). There was also an increased prevalence of maternal syphilis associated with an increased district-level mean number of sex partners (PR: 1.05, 95% CrI: 0.80–1.37). The number of districts with a high prevalence of maternal syphilis also increased between 2014 and 2022, especially in the southern region, where most had a high probability (approaching 100%) of having high maternal syphilis (defined as relative risk >1 compared to the standard population of women aged 15–49 years) in 2022.ConclusionMaternal syphilis prevalence in Malawi shows an increasing upward trend, with an estimated six times relative increase between 2014 and 2022 (0.28% to 1.73%) and strong associations with higher district-level HIV prevalence. Controlling syphilis depends on reaching vulnerable populations at the sub-national level, which may be disproportionately affected. Our findings support the move to integrate the elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of syphilis programs with existing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programs.

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Spatial−temporal analysis of HIV/AIDS and syphilis in mainland China from 2007 to 2017

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases in older people of mainland China: review of 15-year national surveillance data

Epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases in older people of mainland China: review of 15-year national surveillance data

Trend of new cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections in two health facilities in the Northern Cameroon between 2021-2022

The prevalence of gestational syphilis in Malawi between 2014 and 2022: spatiotemporal modeling of population-level factors

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