Spatial structure of the arc in a pulsed GMAW process

Kozakov, Ruslan; Gött, Gregor; Schöpp, Heinz; Uhrlandt, Dirk; Schnick, Michael; Häßler, M.; Füssel, Uwe; Rose, Sascha

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/46/22/224001

Cited by 32 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Emission spectroscopy measurements have shown the presence of a local temperature minimum in the centre of gas metal welding arcs [30], and the relatively low temperature in this region has previously led to questions about the validity of the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium. Measurements show that the atomic iron levels in the centre of a 400 A argon arc containing iron vapour follow a Boltzmann distribution for a temperature of about 10 000 K [31]. This is in accordance with predictions of the model.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

A collisional-radiative model of iron vapour in a thermal arc plasma

Baeva

Uhrlandt

Murphy

2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

A collisional-radiative model of iron vapour in a thermal arc plasma

Baeva

Uhrlandt

Murphy

2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…In order to verify the calculated arc characteristics of the droplet transfer model, OES measurements on pulsed GMAW processes of Rouffet et al [4] and Kozakov et al [6] are used. Furthermore, the calculated electrode and droplet shapes are compared with high-speed images of Rose [22].…”

Section: Calculation Of a Pulsed Gmaw Process And Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these investigations are summarized by Murphy [1]. Spectroscopic investigations on GMAW arcs [2][3][4][5][6] show that the temperature distribution differs significantly from those of TIG arcs. For arcs in pure argon, the temperature was found to have a local radial minimum on the arc axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of arc and droplet transfer in pulsed GMAW of mild steel in argon

2016

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The process capability of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) processes is mainly determined by the arc properties and the material transfer. In recent years, numerical methods are being used increasingly in order to understand the complex interactions between the arc and material transfer in gas metal arc welding. In this paper, we summarize a procedure to describe the interaction between an arc and a melting and vaporizing electrode. Thereafter, the presented numerical model is used to investigate the arc properties and the metal transfer for a pulsed GMAW process of mild steel in argon. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with OES measurements as well as high-speed images at different times in the pulse cycle and show excellent agreement. The results illustrate the high influence of the changing vaporization rate on the arc attachment at the wire electrode in the high current phase. It could be shown that a substantial part of the current does not participate in the constriction of the wire electrode via the resulting lorentz force which explains the nearly spatter-free droplet detachment in pulsed GMAW processes of mild steel in argon shielding gas.

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“…Note that metal evaporation from the drop surface can not only affect the dynamics of its free surface, but also have a significant influence on the processes running in arc plasma. As shown by experimental studies [36], this factor is the cause for formation of a local minimum of plasma temperature in the central part of arc column. The above effect is also confirmed by theoretical studies [37].…”

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Methods of mathematical modelling of the processes of electrode metal drop formation and transfer in consumable electrode welding (Review

Semyonov¹,

Paton²

2014

The Paton Welding J.

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Processes of welding wire heating and melting, electrode metal drop formation and transfer in consumable electrode welding largely determine welding efficiency and quality. In its turn, the nature of metal melting and transfer with this welding process is determined by a large number of such physical phenomena as heat and mass transfer, gas(hydro)dynamics, electromagnetic processes, running in arc plasma, on the surface and in the volume of molten electrode metal-drop. This paper gives a review of currently available methods of theoretical investigation and mathematical modelling of the above processes, allowing prediction of such characteristics of electrode metal transfer as drop volume and shape, their thermal and gas-dynamic state, detachment frequency, etc. Advantages and disadvantages of the considered models are analyzed and main directions of their further development are outlined. 37 Ref.,11 Figures. K e y w o r d s : consumable electrode welding, mathematical modelling, electrode metal drop formationInterest to the problem of metal transfer in consumable electrode welding is due to a number of causes. It is known that formation of electrode metal drop can be accompanied by its overheating, leading to considerable loss of alloying elements contained in welding wire, bulk boiling and spattering of drop metal, closing of arc gap, etc. In addition, metal transfer mode essentially influences the processes running in the weld pool that, in its turn, determines weld formation. Ensuring directed metal transfer in welding in different positions is also important. Therefore, this work sets forth the known theoretical approaches and describes the available mathematical models, allowing prediction of the main characteristics of metal transfer at different technological parameters of consumable electrode welding.Methods of mathematical modelling of drop formation and electrode metal transfer in consumable electrode welding can be conditionally divided into two main groups (Figure 1). The first includes approaches, which enable prediction of just the individual characteristics of metal transfer process, such as drop size and detachment frequency. The main disadvantage of these models consists in that they do not allow determination of drop shape, or describing the phenomena of charge and energy transfer in molten electrode metal, which accompany the considered technological process. The first group includes such procedures as static force balance theory (SFBT) [1][2][3], pinch instability theory (PIT) [4][5][6], as well as dynamic force balance theory (DFBT) [7,8]. The second group includes the model of drop formation in terms of hydrostatic approximation [9-11], as well as models based on equations of motion of viscous incompressible liquid. In its turn, in the subgroup of dynamic models thin jet approximation can be singled out [12][13][14], as well as models based on total system of Navier-Stokes equations [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Let us consider the most widely accepted of the above methods.SFBT. This method is...

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Spatial structure of the arc in a pulsed GMAW process

Cited by 32 publications

References 20 publications

A collisional-radiative model of iron vapour in a thermal arc plasma

A collisional-radiative model of iron vapour in a thermal arc plasma

Numerical simulation of arc and droplet transfer in pulsed GMAW of mild steel in argon

Methods of mathematical modelling of the processes of electrode metal drop formation and transfer in consumable electrode welding (Review

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