Spatial structure of semi-natural and plantation stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Scotland

Mason, W. L.; Connolly, Thomas P.; Pommerening, Arne; Edwards, Colin

doi:10.1093/forestry/cpm038

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition to a unique ground flora, several varieties of native fauna are associated with the pinewoods, such as red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), the Scottish wildcat (Felis silvestris) and the pine marten (Martes martes). Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) pollination depends on a rare bumblebee (Bombus monticola) (Bain, 2013;Lowe, 1977). The bird fauna is characteristic, and around 70 species of birds are known to breed regularly in the pinewoods.…”

Section: The Native Pinewood Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few data sets exist regarding this, covering all of the native Scottish pinewoods (Mason et al, 2007). The Scottish pinewoods are characterised by a diverse structure, with irregular tree spacings, shapes and sizes.…”

Section: Summary Of Findings: Forest Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information from surveys pertaining to the Scottish pinewoods predating this one tends to have been collected in a unrepeatable fashion or has not been as fully comprehensive in terms of the range of data collected (Smith, 1900;McVean and Ratcliffe, 1962;Steven and Carlisle, 1959). Subsequent surveys relating to the pinewoods have been on a smaller, localised scale, focused on specific sites (Mchaffie et al, 2002;Wilson and Puri, 2001;Vickers and Palmer, 2000) and are often focused on one particular aspect of the ecosystem, such as a particular species (often not restricted to the pinewood habitat) (Wilkinson et al, 2002;Summers and Buckland, 2011), forest structure (Mason et al, 2007;Summers et al, 1997) or regeneration (Scott et al, 2000;Baines et al, 1994;Palmer and Truscott, 2003). Some studies solely focus on areal extent (Roberts et al, 1992;Cameron et al, 2000).…”

Section: The Survey In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland 1971

Wood

Bunce

2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. In 1971, a comprehensive ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland was carried out by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology. The survey was initiated as a consequence of growing concern about the status of the pinewood resource. Since the twentieth century, this unique habitat is widely recognised, not only by ecologists for its inherent biodiversity but also by the general public for its cultural and amenity value. The survey, utilising demonstrably repeatable methods, collected information on ground flora, soils, forest structure and also general site information from the major 27 sites of the 35 sites identified as truly native pinewoods in Scotland. The results from the survey prompted the organisation of an international symposium in 1975, which set the conservation agenda for the old Caledonian pinewoods. The data collected during the 1971 survey are now publicly available via the following DOI: doi:10/7xb ("Habitat, vegetation, tree and soil data from Native Pinewoods in Scotland, 1971"). Although the data are now 44 years old, the repeatable methods will allow for a resurvey to take place, in order to assess changes in the vegetation, habitats and tree composition in a statistically robust manner.

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Section: The Native Pinewood Habitatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of Findings: Forest Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Survey In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland 1971

Wood

Bunce

2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…In examining the diameter variation of artificial pine stands of different ages, found that the least variation occurred in the oldest stands (90-year-old), but it was also small in 43-and 65-year-old stands. Little variation of diameters was found in the artificially planted pine stands analysed by Mason et al (2007). Dröβer and Lüpke (2004) observed a similar trend in single species managed stands of beech aged 148 and 166 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A random distribution of live trees in older stands of artificial origin was observed by Szwagrzyk (1992) and . However, Sekretenko, Gavrikow (1998), Pommerening (2002, Kint et al(2003), Mason et al (2007) and Szmyt, Ceitel (2011) found a regular distribution of trees in stands of similar origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial diversity of planted and untended silver birch (Betula pendula L.) stands

Szmyt¹,

Korzeniewicz²

2012

Forest Research Papers

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Abstract. The aim of this paper was to describe changes in the spatial distribution of living trees in planted and untended birch stands, as well as to determine the spatial differentiation of the diameters and height of their constituent trees. Analysis was performed in 9-and 39-year old stands.The structural diversity of birch stands was described using the following spatial indices: Clark-Evans index (CE), spatial differentiation index for DBH (TD) and height (TH). The CE index describes the horizontal distribution of trees within a stand and the TD/TH indices indicate the size differentiation between neighbouring trees within a stand (DBH and H, respectively). The indices mentioned above concern small spatial scales. Our results indicate a regular spatial distribution of living trees on the ground at age nine, shown by high CE index. After 30 further years of stand development CE values were distinctly lower and no longer significantly different from the value for a random distribution of trees. At age 39, the 2 stands had a random spatial distribution and in the planted stand living trees still retained a regular spatial arrangement. Analysing the spatial differentiation of diameter and height of trees revealed that there was little differentiation between neighbours in forest stands in neither their diameter and height. The highest average values for the TD index decreased for stands during the 30 years since their initial measurement at age nine. A similar trend was observed for height differentiation (TH),which decreased from a maximum at age nine.

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Projecting Forest Dynamics Across Europe: Potentials and Pitfalls of Empirical Mortality Algorithms

et al. 2019

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Mortality is a key process of forest ecosystem dynamics and functioning strongly altering biomass stocks and carbon residence times. Dynamic vegetation models (DVMs) used to predict forest dynamics are typically based on simple, largely data-free ('theoretical') mortality algorithms (MAs). To improve DVM projections, the use of empirically-based MAs has been suggested, but little is known about their impact on DVM behavior. A systematic comparison of eight MAs (seven inventory-based, one 'theoretical') for the pan-European tree species Pinus sylvestris L. was carried out within the DVM ForClim for present and future climate scenarios at three contrasting sites across Europe. Model accuracy was furthermore evaluated with empirical data from young and old-growth forests. We found strongly diverging mortality patterns among the MAs for present climate. Based on their behavior, we identified two distinct empirical MA groups that were related to their structure (i.e., variables considered), but not to their geographic origin (i.e., the environmental conditions they were calibrated to). Under climate change, MAs based on a competition index produced ecologically inconsistent results, while MAs based on growth showed more plausible and less extreme behaviors. Furthermore, MAs based on growth reached a higher accuracy for projecting young and old-growth forest dynamics. Our results demonstrate that using empirical MAs in DVMs has a high potential to better predict forest dynamics, but also a risk of yielding implausible results if their structure is inadequate. For DVM applications across large spatiotemporal scales, we thus suggest using MAs based on growth, particularly under future no-analogue climates.

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Spatial structure of semi-natural and plantation stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Scotland

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland 1971

Ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland 1971

Spatial diversity of planted and untended silver birch (Betula pendula L.) stands

Projecting Forest Dynamics Across Europe: Potentials and Pitfalls of Empirical Mortality Algorithms

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